Theoretical Load-Transfer Curves along Piles Considering Soil Nonlinearity
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 1
Abstract
Soil stress-strain behavior is highly nonlinear and considerably influences the performance of a foundation. The response of single piles under axial load can be predicted from the load-transfer, or t-z, curve. This paper presents a new approach to predict the load-transfer curve and subsequently the load-settlement curve. This new approach incorporates nonlinear soil stress-strain behavior and accommodates differences in soil behavior in laboratory and field conditions. Expressions are given for the load-transfer curve, which capture the hardening and softening behavior of soil-pile interactions. Predictions of load-transfer curves and load-settlement curves from the proposed approach have been compared with the measured values from two case studies. The predictions show good agreement with the measured values.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abramowitz, M., and Stegun, I. A. (1972). Handbook of mathematical functions, U.S. National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
American Petroleum Institute (API). (2000). “Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing fixed offshore platforms—Working stress design.” API RP 2A-WSD, Washington, DC.
Atkinson, J. H. (2000). “Non-linear soil stiffness in routine design.” Geotechnique, 50(5), 487–508.
Coyle, H. M., and Reese, L. C. (1966). “Load transfer for axially loaded piles in clay.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 92(2), 1–26.
Duncan, J. M., and Chang, C. Y. (1970). “Nonlinear analysis of stress and strain in soils.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 96(5), 1629–1653.
Evgin, E., and Fakharian, K. (1996). “Effect of stress paths on the behavior of sand-steel interfaces.” Can. Geotech. J., 33(6), 853–865.
Fahey, M., and Carter, J. P. (1993). “A finite element study of the pressuremeter test in sand using nonlinear elastic plastic model.” Can. Geotech. J., 30(2), 348–362.
Harris, E., and Mayne, P. (1994). “Axial compression behavior of two drilled shafts in Piedmont residual soils.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Design and Construction of Deep Foundations, Vol. 2, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Washington, DC, 352–367.
Ho, S. T., Theramast, N., and Thaijeamaree, N. (2006). “Geotechnical investigation of 3 MRT lines in Bangkok.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Underground Excavation and Tunneling, International Tunnelling Association, 97–105.
Hryciw, R. D., and Irsyam, M. (1993). “Behavior of sand particles around ribbed inclusions during shear.” Soils Found., 33(3), 1–13.
Jardine, R., Chow, F., Overy, R., and Standing, J. (2005). ICP design methods for driven piles in sands and clay, Telford, London.
Kishida, H., and Uesugi, M. (1987). “Tests of interface between sand and steel in the simple shear apparatus.” Geotechnique, 37(1), 45–52.
Kraft, M. L., Ray, R. P., and Kakaaki, T. (1981). “Theoretical t-z curves.” J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 107(11), 1543–1561.
Lee, K. L. (1970). “Comparison of plane strain and triaxial tests on sand.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 96(3), 901–923.
Mathematica 8.0 [Computer software]. Champaign, IL, Wolfram Research.
MATLAB R2010b [Computer software]. Natick, MA, MathWorks.
Mayne, P. W., and Kulhawy, F. H. (1982). “ relationship in soil.” J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 108(6), 851–872.
Potyondy, J. G. (1961). “Skin friction between various soils and construction materials.” Geotechnique, 11(4), 339–353.
Promboon, S., and Brenner, R. P. (1981). “Large diameter bored piles in Bangkok clay.” Proc., Int. Conf. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 815–818.
Ramsey, N., Jardine, R. J., Lehane, B. M., and Ridley, A. M. (1998). “A review of soil-steel interface testing with the ring shear apparatus.” Proc., Conf. Offshore Site Investigations and Foundation Behaviour, Society for Underwater Technology, London, 237–258.
Randolph, M. F. (2003). “43rd Rankine Lecture: Science and empiricism in pile foundation design.” Geotechnique, 53(10), 847–875.
Randolph, M., and Gourvenec, S. (2011). Offshore geotechnical engineering, Spon, New York.
Randolph, M. F., and Wroth, C. P. (1978). “Analysis of deformation of vertical loaded piles.” J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 104(12), 1465–1488.
Saldivar, E. E., and Jardine, R. J. (2005). “Application of an effective stress design method to concrete piles driven in Mexico City clay.” Can. Geotech. J., 42(6), 1495–1508.
Tejchman, J., and Wu, W. (1995). “Experimental and numerical study of sand-steel interfaces.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 19(8), 513–536.
Teparaksa, W., Thasnanipan, N., and Tanseng, P. (1999). “Analysis of lateral wall movement for deep braced excavation in Bangkok subsoils.” Proc., New Frontiers and Challenges, Civil and Environmental Engineering Conf., Vol. 2, Part 1, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand, 67–76.
Theramast, N. (1998). “Characterization of pseudo-elastic shear modulus and shear strength of Bangkok clay.” M.Eng. thesis, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand.
Uesugi, M., and Kishida, H. (1986). “Influential factors of friction between steel and dry sands.” Soils Found., 26(2), 33–46.
Uesugi, M., Kishida, H., and Tsubakihara, Y. (1988). “Behavior of sand particles in sand-steel friction.” Soils Found., 28(1), 107–118.
Vijayvergiya, V. N. (1977). “Load movement characteristic of piles.” Proc., PORTS'77: 4th Annual Symp. of the Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Division of ASCE, ASCE, New York, 269–284.
Zhu, H., and Chang, M. F. (2002). “Load transfer curves along bored pile considering modulus degradation.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 128(9), 764–774.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 140 • Issue 1 • January 2014
Pages: 91 - 101
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 15, 2012
Accepted: Jul 3, 2013
Published online: Dec 16, 2013
Published in print: Jan 1, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.