Experimental Investigation of Epoxy Resin and Sand Mixes
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 138, Issue 7
Abstract
The use of new materials for soil strengthening is crucial for geotechnical engineering, especially in foundation construction. Our main objective was to investigate the potential use of two-component water soluble epoxy resins to improve the physical and mechanical properties of medium sand, because the efficacy of these resins on soil strengthening has not yet been properly investigated. Experiments were conducted using resins with different epoxy resin-to-water (ER/W) ratios. The results indicate that the epoxy resins improve the physical and mechanical properties of sand significantly, and if successfully grouted into a formation, the resins could provide a suitable solution for the stabilization of foundation material. Based on the experimental results, a nonlinear regression analysis was performed to correlate the mechanical properties and permeability with curing time and ER/W ratio.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers would like to thank Mr. Stavros Soilemezidis for help in performing the laboratory tests.
References
Ajayi, M. A., Grissom, W. A., Smith, L. S., and Jones, E. E. (1991). “Epoxy-resin-based chemical stabilization of a fine, poorly graded soil system.” Transportation Research Record 1295, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Akbulut, S., and Saglamer, R. (2003). “Improvement of hydraulic conductivity of soils by grouting.” Ground Improv., 7(4), 157–164.
Al-Khanbashi, A., and Abdalla, S. W. (2006). “Evaluation of three waterborne polymers as stabilizers for sandy soil.” Geotech. Geol. Eng.GGENE3, 24(6), 1603–1625.
Anagnostopoulos, C. A. (2005). “Laboratory study of an injected granular soil with polymer grouts.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 20(6), 525–533.
Anagnostopoulos, C. A. (2006). “Physical and mechanical properties of injected sand with latex-superplasticized grouts.” Geotech. Test. J.GTJODJ, 29(6), 490–496.
Anagnostopoulos, C. A., and Hadjispyrou, S. (2004). “Laboratory study of an epoxy resin grouted sand.” Ground Improv., 8(1), 39–45.
ASTM. (1993a). “Standard practice for proportioning grout mixtures for preplaced-aggregate concrete.” C 938-80, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (1993b). “Standard test method for unit weight and voids in aggregate.” C 29/C 29M-91a, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2005a). “Standard practice for laboratory preparation of chemically grouted soil specimens for obtaining design strength parameters.” D 4320-04, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2005b). “Standard test method for direct shear test of soils under consolidated drained conditions.” D 3080-04, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2005c). “Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of intact rock core specimens.” D 3967-95a, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2005d). “Standard test method for unconfined compressive strength index of chemical-grouted soils.” D 4219-02, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2005e). “Standard test methods for measurement of hydraulic conductivity of saturated porous materials using a flexible wall permeameter.” D 5084-03, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bolisetti, T., Reitsma, S., and Balachandar, R. (2009). “Experimental investigations of colloidal silica grouting in porous media.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 135(5), 697–700.JGGEFK
Cambefort, H. (1977). “The principals and applications of grouting.” Q. J. Eng. Geol. Hydrogeol., 10(2), 57–95.QJEGB8
CEN/TC 51. (2005). “Methods of testing cement. Determination of strength.” EN 196-1, Brussels, Belgium.
Dano, C., Hicker, P.-Y., and Tailliez, S. (2004). “Engineering properties of grouted sand.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 130(3), 328–337.JGGEFK
Hoek, E., and Franklin, J. A. (1968). “A simple triaxial cell for field and laboratory testing of rock.” Trans. Inst. Min. Metall., 77, 22–26.TIMMAN
International Society for Rock Mechanics. (1985). “Suggested method for determining point load strength.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.IJRMA2, 22(2), 51–60.
Issa, C. A., and Debs, P. (2007). “Experimental study of epoxy repairing of cracks in concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 21(1), 157–163.
Perret, S., Khayat, K. H., and Ballivy, G. (2000). “The effect of degree of saturation on sand groutability: Experimental simulation.” Ground Improv., 4(1), 13–22.
Vipulanandan, C., and Ata, A. (2000). “Cyclic and damping properties of silicate-grouted sand.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 126(7), 650–656.JGGEFK
Widmann, R. (1996). “International Society for Rock Mechanics. Commision on rock grouting.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 33(8), 803–847.IRMGBG
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 138 • Issue 7 • July 2012
Pages: 841 - 849
Copyright
© 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 9, 2010
Accepted: Oct 18, 2011
Published online: Oct 20, 2011
Published in print: Jul 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.