Breaching Parameters for Earth and Rockfill Dams
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 12
Abstract
Dam risk analysis is at the heart of dam failure prevention and mitigation. In order to assess dam risk, it is essential to conduct a quantitative analysis of the process of a dam breach, which can be described by such parameters as breach geometry, breaching duration, and peak outflow rate. The main objective of this paper is to develop robust empirical formulas with physical meaning for predicting dam breaching parameters based on past dam failure data. A database of 182 earth and rockfill dam failure cases has been compiled; among these cases nearly one-half are for large dams higher than 15 m. A multiparameter nonlinear regression model is recommended to develop empirical relationships between five breaching parameters (breach depth, breach top width, average breach width, peak outflow rate, and failure time) and five selected dam and reservoir control variables (dam height, reservoir shape coefficient, dam type, failure mode, and dam erodibility). The relative importance of each control variable is evaluated. The dam erodibility is found to be the most important factor, influencing all five breaching parameters. The reservoir shape coefficient and the failure mode also play an important role in the prediction models. Two case studies are presented to show the application of the empirical models developed in this paper.
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Acknowledgments
The writers acknowledge the support from the Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China through a key research project “Study of reservoir dam failures prevention and mitigation,” the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (Grant No. UNSPECIFIED622207), and the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. UNSPECIFIED50828901).
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Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 135 • Issue 12 • December 2009
Pages: 1957 - 1970
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Apr 6, 2008
Accepted: Jun 2, 2009
Published online: Jun 5, 2009
Published in print: Dec 2009
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