Reliability-Based Design Approach for Differential Settlement of Footings on Cohesionless Soils
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 12
Abstract
A probabilistic method is presented to estimate the differential settlements of footings on cohesionless soils, considering the uncertainties in both the load and capacity sides of the design equation. A random field approach is employed to characterize the inherent soil variability. This method is first compared to typical limit values from the literature to denote critical combinations of design parameters that can lead to exceedance of tolerable differential settlements. Then, reliability-based design equations are developed for the serviceability limit state (SLS) design of footings on cohesionless soils. The key parameters controlling the SLS are the allowable angular distortion, site variability, and footing spacing. The results are given in a straightforward design format and indicate that currently suggested deformation factors (resistance factors for SLS) equal to 1.0 are likely to be unconservative for most design situations.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
AASHTO. (1996). Standard specifications for highway bridges, 16th Ed., AASHTO, Washington, D.C.
Akbas, S. O. (2007). “Deterministic and probabilistic assessment of settlements of shallow foundations in cohesionless soils.” Ph.D. thesis, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y.
Akbas, S. O., and Kulhawy, F. H. (2005). “Differential settlement of shallow foundations on granular soils—A probabilistic approach.” Proc., Conf. on Soil-Structure Interaction: Calculation Methods and Engineering Practice (1), V. M. Ulitsky, ed., ASV Publishers, St. Petersburg, 105–110.
Australian Standard. (1995). “Piling—Design and installation.” AS 2159-1995, Sydney, Australia (as cited in Fenton et al. 2005).
Australian Standard. (2002). “Earth-retaining structures.” AS 4678-2002, Sydney, Australia (as cited in Fenton et al. 2005).
Australian Standard. (2004). “Bridge design. Part 3: Foundations and soil supporting structures.” AS 5100.2-2004, Sydney, Australia (as cited in Fenton et al. 2005).
Benjamin, J. R., and Cornell, C. A. (1970). Probability, decision, and statistics for civil engineers, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Bjerrum, L. (1963). “Allowable settlement of structures.” Proc., 3rd European Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (2), Weisbaden, Germany, 135–137.
Burland, J. B., and Burbidge, M. C. (1985). “Settlement of foundations on sand and gravel.” Proc.- Inst. Civ. Eng., 78(Pt 1), 1325–1381.
Canadian Geotechnical Society. (1985). Canadian foundation engineering manual, 2nd Ed., BiTech, Vancouver, Canada.
Canadian Geotechnical Society. (1992). Canadian foundation engineering manual, 3rd Ed., BiTech, Richmond, BC, Canada.
Canadian Geotechnical Society. (2006). Canadian foundation engineering manual, 4th Ed., BiTech, Richmond, BC, Canada.
CEN. (1993). “Geotechnical design. Part 1: General rules.” Eurocode 7, Brussels, Belgium.
Coduto, D. P. (1994). Foundation design, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
D’Appolonia, D. J., D’Appolonia, E. D., and Brissette, R. F. (1968). “Settlement of spread footings on sand.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 91(SM2), 754–761.
Ellingwood, B., and Tekie, P. B. (1999). “Wind load statistics for probability-based structural design.” J. Struct. Eng., 125(4), 453–464.
Fenton, G. A., Griffiths, D. V., and Cavers, W. (2005). “Resistance factors for settlement design.” Can. Geotech. J., 42(5), 1422–1436.
Filippas, O. B., Kulhawy, F. H., and Grigoriu, M. D. (1988). “Reliability-based foundation design for transmission line structures: Uncertainties in soil property measurement.” Rep. No. EL-5507(3), Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif.
Holtz, R. D. (1991). “Stress distribution and settlement of shallow foundations.” Foundation engineering handbook, 2nd Ed., H. -Y. Fang, ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 166–216.
Meyerhof, G. G. (1982). “Limit states design in geotechnical engineering.” Struct. Safety, 1(1), 67–71.
Peck, R. B., Hanson, W. E., and Thornburn, T. H. (1974). Foundation engineering, 2nd Ed., Wiley, New York.
Phoon, K. K. (2006). “Modeling and simulation of stochastic data.” Geotechnical engineering in the information technology age (CD-ROM), D. J. DeGroot et al., eds., ASCE, Reston, Va.
Phoon, K. K., and Kulhawy, F. H. (1999). “Evaluation of geotechnical property variability.” Can. Geotech. J., 36(4), 625–639.
Phoon, K. K., Kulhawy, F. H., and Grigoriu, M. D. (1995). “Reliability-based foundation design for transmission line structures.” Rep. No. TR-105000, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif.
Polshin, D. E., and Tokar, R. A. (1957). “Maximum allowable non-uniform settlement of structures.” Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (1), Butterworths Publishers, London, 402–405.
Popescu, R., Prevost, J. H., and Deodatis, G. (2005). “3D effects in seismic liquefaction of stochastically variable soil deposits.” Geotechnique, 55(1), 21–31.
Sawatparnich, A. (2003). “Deterministic and reliability based assessment of existing building-foundation systems adjacent to tunneling in soils.” Ph.D. thesis, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y.
Skempton, A. W., and MacDonald, D. H. (1956). “The allowable settlements of buildings.” Proc.- Inst. Civ. Eng., 5, 727–768.
Spry, M. J., Kulhawy, F. H., and Grigoriu, M. D. (1988). “Reliability-based foundation design for transmission line structures: Geotechnical site characterization strategy.” Rep. No. EL-5507(1), Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif.
Terzaghi, K., Peck, R. B., and Mesri, G. (1996). Soil mechanics in engineering practice, 3rd Ed., Wiley, New York.
Vanmarcke, E. H. (1977). “Probabilistic modeling of soil profiles.” J. Geotech. Eng. Div., 103(GT11), 1227–1246.
Vanmarcke, E. H. (1983). Random fields: Analysis and synthesis, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Wahls, H. E. (1994). “Tolerable deformations.” Proc., Vertical and Horizontal Deformations of Foundations and Embankments (GSP 40), A. T. Yeung and G. Y. Felio, eds., ASCE, New York, 1611–1628.
Zekkos, D. P., Bray, J. D., and Der Kiureghian, A. (2004). “Reliability of shallow foundation design using the standard penetration test.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Site Characterization (2), Millpress, Rotterdam, 1575–1582.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Jun 10, 2008
Accepted: Apr 9, 2009
Published online: Nov 13, 2009
Published in print: Dec 2009
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.