Full-Scale Loading Test of Jet Grouting in the Artificial Island–Immersed Tunnel Transition Area of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Sea Link
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23, Issue 2
Abstract
In the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge mega project, several ground treatment methods were applied in the transition area between the artificial island and immersed tube tunnels to reduce the potential uneven foundation settlement underlying the tunnel, as the backfilled sand layer is more than 10 m around it. One of the foundation improvement methods involves the combination of preload and high-pressure jet grouting (HPJG) columns. Current field tests, such as core bowling, standard penetration test, and plate loading test, are not suitable for evaluating the strength of this reinforced foundation. This study presents a full-scale load test to examine the construction quality and effects of an HPJG-reinforced foundation. A novel method was designed based on the Boussinesq equation to simulate the additional stress distribution from the immersed tube tunnel. The tangent modulus method considering the impact of modulus nonlinearity was employed to calculate the nonlinear settlement of the treated foundation. Preferable settlement results were obtained using a set of pre-embedded high-precision hydrostatic leveling systems. Both the measured data and calculated settlement demonstrate the reasonableness of the present in situ test.
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Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41672259), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China (2022A1515011200), the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China (STKJ2021129), and the State Key Laboratory for Geo-Mechanics and Deep Underground Engineering of China University of Mining & Technology (SKLGDUEK2005).
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23 • Issue 2 • February 2023
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 24, 2022
Accepted: Aug 4, 2022
Published online: Nov 21, 2022
Published in print: Feb 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Apr 21, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Construction engineering
- Construction methods
- Design (by type)
- Engineering fundamentals
- Field tests
- Foundation settlement
- Foundations
- Geomechanics
- Geotechnical engineering
- Geotechnical investigation
- Grouting
- Jet grouting
- Load factors
- Load tests
- Penetration tests
- Soil dynamics
- Soil mechanics
- Soil settlement
- Structural design
- Tests (by type)
- Tunnels
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