Thermomechanical Behaviors of an Energy Pile–Raft Foundation under Intermittent Operation with Forced Heat Recharge
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 22, Issue 10
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental investigation of the thermal and mechanical behaviors of an energy pile–raft foundation under intermittent heating operation with forced heat recharge, with 16 h of pile cooling and 8 h of forced heat recharge (referred to as 16F, where F indicates forced). The forced heat recharge was found to increase the daily heat exchange rate to 180 W/m, which was 50% higher than the value under general intermittent heating operation without forced heat recharge. The raft and building load at the pile head imposed a significant restraint on the upper part of the energy pile, leading to a minimum degrees of freedom (0.27) near the pile head. The mechanical behaviors of the pile, including strains, stresses, and pile end displacements and stresses, followed reversible paths when plotted against the daily temperature cycles. A slight residual pressure stress (10 kPa) was observed at the bottom of the raft during the initial thermal cycles.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The work presented in this paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51922037), the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. KYCX22_0611), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
References
Amatya, B. L., K. Soga, P. J. Bourne-Webb, T. Amis, and L. Laloui. 2012. “Thermo-mechanical behaviour of energy piles.” Géotechnique 62 (6): 503–519. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.10.P.116.
Brandl, H. 2006. “Energy foundations and other thermo-active ground structures.” Géotechnique 56 (2): 81–122. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2006.56.2.81.
Bourne-Webb, P. J., B. Amatya, and K. Soga. 2013. “A framework for understanding energy pile behaviour.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. 166 (2): 170–177. https://doi.org/10.1680/geng.10.00098.
Bourne-Webb, P. J., B. Amatya, K. Soga, T. Amis, C. Davidson, and P. Payne. 2009. “Energy pile test at Lambeth College, London: Geotechnical and thermodynamic aspects of pile response to heat cycles.” Géotechnique 59 (3): 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2009.59.3.237.
Di Donna, A., and L. Laloui. 2015. “Response of soil subjected to thermal cyclic loading: Experimental and constitutive study.” Eng. Geol. 190: 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.03.003.
Faizal, M., A. Bouazza, C. Haberfield, and J. S. McCartney. 2018. “Axial and radial thermal responses of a field-scale energy pile under monotonic and cyclic temperature changes.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 144 (10): 04018072. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001952.
Faizal, M., A. Bouazza, J. S. McCartney, and C. Haberfield. 2019. “Effects of cyclic temperature variations on thermal response of an energy pile under a residential building.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 145 (10): 04019066. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002147.
Faizal, M., A. Bouazza, and R. M. Singh. 2016. “An experimental investigation of the influence of intermittent and continuous operating modes on the thermal behaviour of a full scale geothermal energy pile.” Geomech. Energy Environ. 7: 80–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gete.2016.06.002.
Fang, J., G. Kong, Y. Meng, L. Wang, and Q. Yang. 2020. “Thermomechanical behavior of energy piles and interactions within energy pile–raft foundations.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 146 (9): 04020079. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002333.
Fang, J., G. Kong, and Q. Yang. 2022. “Group performance of energy piles under cyclic and variable thermal loading.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 148 (8): 04022060. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002840.
Garbellini, C., and L. Laloui. 2019. “Three-dimensional finite element analysis of piled rafts with energy piles.” Comput. Geotech. 114 (Jun): 103115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103115.
Laloui, L., M. Moreni, and L. Vulliet. 2003. “Comportement d’un pieu bi-fonction, fondation et échangeur de chaleur.” Can. Geotech. J. 40 (2): 388–402. https://doi.org/10.1139/t02-117.
Laloui, L., and A. F. Rotta Loria. 2019. Analysis and design of energy geostructures. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.
Li, R., G. Kong, Y. Chen, and Q. Yang. 2021. “Thermomechanical behaviour of an energy pile–raft foundation under intermittent cooling operation.” Geomech. Energy Environ. 28: 100240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gete.2021.100240.
McCartney, J. S., and K. D. Murphy. 2012. “Strain distributions in full-scale energy foundations (DFI young professor paper competition 2012).” DFI J. 6 (2): 26–38. https://doi.org/10.1179/dfi.2012.008.
McCartney, J. S., and K. D. Murphy. 2017. “Investigation of potential dragdown/uplift effects on energy piles.” Geomech. Energy Environ. 10: 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gete.2017.03.001.
Mimouni, T., and L. Laloui. 2015. “Behaviour of a group of energy piles.” Can. Geotech. J. 52 (12): 1913–1929. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0403.
Murphy, K. D., and J. S. Mccartney. 2014. “Seasonal response of energy foundations during building operation.” Geotech. Geol. Eng. 33 (2): 343–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-014-9802-3.
Ng, C. W. W., C. Shi, A. Gunawan, and L. Laloui. 2014. “Centrifuge modelling of energy piles subjected to heating and cooling cycles in clay.” Géotech. Lett. 4: 310–316. https://doi.org/10.1680/geolett.14.00063.
Ravera, E., M. Sutman, and L. Laloui. 2020. “Load transfer method for energy piles in a group with pile–soil–slab–pile interaction.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 146 (6): 04020042. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002258.
Ren, L.-w., J. Xu, G.-q. Kong, and H.-l. Liu. 2020. “Field tests on thermal response characteristics of micro-steel-pipe pile under multiple temperature cycles.” Renewable Energy 147: 1098–1106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.084.
Rotta Loria, A. F. 2018. “Performance-based design of energy pile foundations.” DFI J. 12 (2): 94–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/19375247.2018.1562600.
Rotta Loria, A. F., M. Bocco, C. Garbellini, A. Muttoni, and L. Laloui. 2020. “The role of thermal loads in the performance-based design of energy piles.” Geomech. Energy Environ. 21: 100153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gete.2019.100153.
Stewart, M. A., and J. S. Mccartney. 2014. “Centrifuge modeling of soil–structure interaction in energy foundations.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 140 (4): 04013044. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001061.
Wood, C. J., L. Hao, and S. B. Riffat. 2010. “Comparison of a modelled and field tested piled ground heat exchanger system for a residential building and the simulated effect of assisted ground heat recharge.” Int. J. Low-Carbon Technol. 5 (3): 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctq015.
Wu, D., H. Liu, G. Kong, and C. Li. 2019. “Thermo-mechanical behavior of energy pile under different climatic conditions.” Acta Geotech. 14 (5): 1495–1508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-018-0731-9.
Wu, D., H. Liu, G. Kong, and C. W. W. Ng. 2020. “Interactions of an energy pile with several traditional piles in a row.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 146 (4): 06020002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002224.
Zhou, H., B. Sheil, and H. L. Liu. 2022. “Noncircular cavity expansion in undrained soil: Semi-analytical solution.” J. Eng. Mech. 148 (7): 4022032. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0002118.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 22 • Issue 10 • October 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 7, 2021
Accepted: Jun 12, 2022
Published online: Aug 9, 2022
Published in print: Oct 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Jan 9, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Energy engineering
- Energy sources (by type)
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Foundations
- Geotechnical engineering
- Material mechanics
- Material properties
- Materials engineering
- Measurement (by type)
- Mechanical properties
- Micro piles
- Pile foundations
- Pile tests
- Piles
- Renewable energy
- Temperature effects
- Temperature measurement
- Thermal power
- Thermal properties
- Thermodynamics
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Harpreet Singh, Aditya Kumar Tiwary, Analysis and effect of piles on raft foundation for High-Rise framed structure under seismic loading, Materials Today: Proceedings, 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.411, (2022).