A New Strength Criterion for Frozen Soil Considering Pore Ice Content

Acknowledgments

Notation

b

characteristic parameter of the soil in the soil–water system, which is related to the nature of the soil;

C

shear strength due to ice cementation of frozen soil when p is zero;

c₀

calculated cohesive force;

E

material parameter, E = 800;

F

material parameter, F = 200;

f_p–q(p)

CSL on the p–q plane;

g_i(θ_σ)

shape function of pore ice;

g_s(θ_σ)

shape function of solid mineral particles and liquid water;

g(θ_σ)

shape functions on the deviatoric plane;

k_i

strength parameter;

k

material parameter;

J₂

second invariant of deviatoric stress;

M

initial critical state shear stress ratio of frozen soils;

p*

modified mean effective stress;

p_π

function of mean stress and represents the degradation effect of ice cementation in frozen soil;

p

mean stress;

q

deviatoric stress;

s_ij

deviatoric stress tensor;

T_f

freezing temperature of soil;

T

frozen soil temperature;

T₀

absolute zero, T₀ = −273.15°C;

σ_ii (i = 1, 2, 3)

principal stresses;

σ_ij

stress tensor;

α

material parameter;

α

volume coefficient of the ice-water phase change, α = 1.09;

δ_ij

Kronecker symbol;

β

fitting parameter that reflects the pressure-melting rate of ice cementation;

φ

friction angle;

θ_I

pore ice content;

θ_u

unfrozen water content;

θ_ω

initial volumetric moisture content of the soils;

ρ_d

dry density of soils; and

ω

mass moisture content.

References