Stability Assessments of Reinforced Tunnel Face Using Improved Homogenization Approach
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 21, Issue 10
Abstract
In this work, the stability of a reinforced tunnel face is examined by combining the homogenization method with the kinematic approach of limit analysis. A three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous and anisotropic failure criterion for reinforced soils is first proposed according to the homogenization method, in which the possible tensile failure and pullout failure of reinforcing members are considered. The proposed homogenization method is then incorporated into the 3D rotational failure mechanism to assess the safety factor of a tunnel face by using the strength reduction technique. The applicability of the proposed method is illustrated by comparing with existing results and numerical simulations. The influences of model parameters on the calculated safety factors are finally discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Communications Key Technology Foundation (Nos. 2020Z0001 and 2016C0007).
References
Abdi, R., P. De Buhan, and J. Pastor. 1994. “Calculation of the critical height of a homogenized reinforced soil wall: A numerical approach.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 18 (7): 485–505. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610180704.
Anagnostou, G., and P. Perazzelli. 2015. “Analysis method and design charts for bolt reinforcement of the tunnel face in cohesive-frictional soils.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 47: 162–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.10.007.
Bernaud, D., P. De Buhan, and S. Maghous. 1995. “Numerical simulation of the convergence of a bolt-supported tunnel through a homogenization method.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 19 (4): 267–288. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610190404.
Bernaud, D., S. Maghous, P. De Buhan, and E. Couto. 2009. “A numerical approach for design of bolt-supported tunnels regarded as homogenized structures.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 24 (5): 533–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2009.02.002.
Chen, G. H., J. F. Zou, Q. J. Pan, Z.-H. Qian, and H.-Y. Shi. 2020. “Earthquake-induced slope displacements in heterogeneous soils with tensile strength cut-off.” Comput. Geotech. 124: 103637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103637.
Chen, G. H., J. F. Zou, and Z. H. Qian. 2019. “An improved collapse analysis mechanism for the face stability of shield tunnel in layered soils.” Geomech. Eng. 17 (1): 97–107. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.17.1.097.
De Buhan, P., R. Mangiavacchi, R. Nova, G. Pellegrini, and J. Salençon. 1989. “Yield design of reinforced earth walls by a homogenization method.” Géotechnique 39 (2): 189–201. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1989.39.2.189.
Dias, D. 1999. Renforcement du front de taille des tunnels par boulonnage: Etude numérique et application à un cas réel en site urbain. Villeurbanne: INSA.
Gueguin, M., G. Hassen, and P. De Buhan. 2015. “Ultimate bearing capacity of a foundation reinforced by columns or cross trenches under inclined loads: A homogenization approach.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 39 (3): 277–294. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.2307.
Huang, F., M. Zhang, F. Wang, T. H. Ling, and X. L. Yang. 2020. “The failure mechanism of surrounding rock around an existing shield tunnel induced by an adjacent excavation.” Comput. Geotech. 117: 103236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103236.
Ibrahim, E., A. H. Soubra, G. Mollon, W. Raphael, D. Dias, and A. Reda. 2015. “Three-dimensional face stability analysis of pressurized tunnels driven in a multilayered purely frictional medium.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 49: 18–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.04.001.
Juneja, A., A. Hegde, F. H. Lee, and C. H. Yeo. 2010. “Centrifuge modelling of tunnel face reinforcement using forepoling.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 25 (4): 377–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2010.01.013.
Kamata, H., and H. Mashimo. 2003. “Centrifuge model test of tunnel face reinforcement by bolting.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 18 (2): 205–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(03)00029-4.
Lee, I. M., J. S. Lee, and S. W. Nam. 2004. “Effect of seepage force on tunnel face stability reinforced with multi-step pipe grouting.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 19 (6): 551–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2004.01.003.
Li, W., and C. Zhang. 2020. “Face stability analysis for a shield tunnel in anisotropic sands.” Int. J. Geomech. 20 (5): 04020043. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001666.
Michalowski, R. L. 1998. “Limit analysis in stability calculations of reinforced soil structures.” Geotext. Geomembr. 16 (6): 311–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-1144(98)00015-6.
Michalowski, R. L., and A. Zhao. 1995. “Continuum versus structural approach to stability of reinforced soil.” J. Geotech. Eng. 121 (2): 152–162. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1995)121:2(152).
Mollon, G., D. Dias, and A. H. Soubra. 2011. “Rotational failure mechanisms for the face stability analysis of tunnels driven by a pressurized shield.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 35 (12): 1363–1388. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.962.
Ng, C. W. W., and G. T. K. Lee. 2002. “A three-dimensional parametric study of the use of soil nails for stabilising tunnel faces.” Comput. Geotech. 29 (8): 673–697. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-352X(02)00012-5.
Oreste, P. P., and D. Dias. 2012. “Stabilisation of the excavation face in shallow tunnels using fibreglass dowels.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 45 (4): 499–517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-012-0234-1.
Pan, Q., and D. Dias. 2016. “Face stability analysis for a shield-driven tunnel in anisotropic and nonhomogeneous soils by the kinematical approach.” Int. J. Geomech. 16 (3): 04015076. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000569.
Pan, Q., and D. Dias. 2017a. “Probabilistic evaluation of tunnel face stability in spatially random soils using sparse polynomial chaos expansion with global sensitivity analysis.” Acta Geotech. 12 (6): 1415–1429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-017-0541-5.
Pan, Q., and D. Dias. 2017b. “Safety factor assessment of a tunnel face reinforced by horizontal dowels.” Eng. Struct. 142: 56–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.03.056.
Pan, Q., and D. Dias. 2017c. “Upper-bound analysis on the face stability of a non-circular tunnel.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 62: 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.11.010.
Peila, D. 1994. “A theoretical study of reinforcement influence on the stability of a tunnel face.” Geotech. Geol. Eng. 12 (3): 145–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00426984.
Perazzelli, P., and G. Anagnostou. 2013. “Stress analysis of reinforced tunnel faces and comparison with the limit equilibrium method.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 38: 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2013.05.008.
Perazzelli, P., T. Leone, and G. Anagnostou. 2014. “Tunnel face stability under seepage flow conditions.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 43: 459–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.03.001.
Pinyol, N. M., and E. E. Alonso. 2012. “Design of micropiles for tunnel face reinforcement: Undrained upper bound solution.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 138 (1): 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000562.
Qian, Z. H., J. F. Zou, Q. J. Pan, and D. Dias. 2019. “Safety factor calculations of a tunnel face reinforced with umbrella pipes: A comparison analysis.” Eng. Struct. 199: 109639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109639.
Qian, Z. H., J. F. Zou, J. Tian, and Q.-J. Pan. 2020. “Estimations of active and passive earth thrusts of non-homogeneous frictional soils using a discretisation technique.” Comput. Geotech. 119: 103366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103366.
Quang, T. S., H. Ghazi, and B. De Patrick. 2009. “A multiphase approach to the stability analysis of reinforced earth structures accounting for a soil–strip failure condition.” Comput. Geotech. 36 (3): 454–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2008.06.003.
Shin, J. H., Y. K. Choi, O. Y. Kwon, and S. D. Lee. 2008. “Model testing for pipe-reinforced tunnel heading in a granular soil.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 23 (3): 241–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2007.04.012.
Sterpi, D., F. Rizzo, D. Renda, F. Aguglia, and C. L. Zenti. 2013. “Soil nailing at the tunnel face in difficult conditions: A case study.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 38: 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2013.05.009.
Wong, H., D. Subrin, and D. Dias. 2000. “Extrusion movements of a tunnel head reinforced by finite length bolts—A closed-form solution using homogenization approach.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 24 (6): 533–565. https://doi.org/<533::AID-NAG80>3.0.CO;2-8.
Wong, H., V. Trompille, and D. Dias. 2004. “Extrusion analysis of a bolt-reinforced tunnel face with finite ground-bolt bond strength.” Can. Geotech. J. 41 (2): 326–341. https://doi.org/10.1139/t03-084.
Xiao, Y., and H. Liu. 2017. “Elastoplastic constitutive model for rockfill materials considering particle breakage.” Int. J. Geomech. 17 (1): 04016041. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000681.
Xiao, Y., M. Meng, A. Daouadjie, Q. Chen, Z. Wu, and X. Jiang. 2020. “Effects of particle size on crushing and deformation behaviors of rockfill materials.” Geosci. Front. 11 (2): 375–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2018.10.010.
Xiao, Y., Y. Sun, F. Yin, H. Liu, and J. Xiang. 2017. “Constitutive modeling for transparent granular soils.” Int. J. Geomech. 17 (7): 04016150. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000857.
Yang, X., and F. Huang. 2011. “Collapse mechanism of shallow tunnel based on nonlinear Hoek–Brown failure criterion.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 26 (6): 686–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2011.05.008.
Yang, X., and F. Huang. 2013. “Three-dimensional failure mechanism of a rectangular cavity in a Hoek–Brown rock medium.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 61: 189–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2013.02.014.
Yoo, C. 2002. “Finite-element analysis of tunnel face reinforced by longitudinal pipes.” Comput. Geotech. 29 (1): 73–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-352X(01)00020-9.
Zhang, C., W. Li, W. Zhu, and Z. Tan. 2020a. “Face stability analysis of a shallow horseshoe-shaped shield tunnel in clay with a linearly increasing shear strength with depth.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 97: 103291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103291.
Zhang, D., and B. Zhang. 2020. “Stability analysis of the pressurized 3D tunnel face in anisotropic and nonhomogeneous soils.” Int. J. Geomech. 20 (4): 04020018. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001635.
Zhang, J., L. Yu, and T. Feng. 2020b. “Investigation of the cause of shield-driven tunnel instability in soil with a soft upper layer and hard lower layer.” Eng. Fail. Anal. 118: 104832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104832.
Zhang, X., M. Wang, Z. Wang, J. Li, J. Tong, and D. Liu. 2020c. “A limit equilibrium model for the reinforced face stability analysis of a shallow tunnel in cohesive-frictional soils.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 105: 103562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103562.
Zou, J. F., G. H. Chen, and Z. H. Qian. 2019. “Tunnel face stability in cohesion-frictional soils considering the soil arching effect by improved failure models.” Comput. Geotech. 106: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.10.014.
Zou, J. F., Y. M. Sheng, M. Y. Xia, and F. Wang. 2020. “A novel numerical-iterative-approach for strain-softening surrounding rock incorporating rockbolts effectiveness and hydraulic-mechanical coupling based on three-dimensional Hoek–Brown strength criterion.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 101: 103358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103358.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 21 • Issue 10 • October 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 15, 2020
Accepted: May 28, 2021
Published online: Jul 29, 2021
Published in print: Oct 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Dec 29, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Chuantan Hou, Junhao Zhong, Xiaoli Yang, Three-dimensional stability assessments of a non-circular tunnel face reinforced by bolts under seepage flow conditions, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 10.1016/j.tust.2022.104831, 131, (104831), (2023).
- Xing-Pei Kang, Ya-Fei Wang, Zhan-Rong Zhang, Hao Xie, Yun Yang, 3D Limit Equilibrium Stability Analysis of Concave and Convex Slopes Considering Kinematic Constraints, Shock and Vibration, 10.1155/2022/1625765, 2022, (1-15), (2022).