Seismic and Static Stability Analysis for 3D Reinforced Slope in Nonhomogeneous and Anisotropic Soils
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 18, Issue 7
Abstract
Reinforcements are essential for improvement of slope stability. In most slope stability analyses, the soil is regarded as homogeneous, whereas it is in fact nonhomogeneous in many cases. Based on the limit-analysis method, in this study, a three-dimensional seismic and static stability calculation was performed for a slope in nonhomogeneous soil. The analytical expressions of the required strength of reinforcement and stability factor under three categories of reinforcement patterns were derived. The effects of reinforcement distribution patterns, reinforcement strength, slope angle, seismic force, and soil nonhomogeneity and anisotropy on slope stability were investigated. It was found that the downwardly strong triangular distribution pattern (DTD) gives rise to the best reinforcement effect on slope stability, then the uniform distribution pattern (UD), and finally the upwardly strong triangular distribution pattern (UTD). An increase in the angle and width of the slope and seismic forces results in a stability decrease of the reinforced slope, whereas soil nonhomogeneity and anisotropy have positive influences on slope stability. Finally, some design tables are presented for design purposes.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The preparation of this article has received financial support from the Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate of Central South University in China (2015zzts061) and the National Natural Science Foundation (51378510). The financial supports are greatly appreciated.
References
Ausilio, E., Conte, E., and Dente, G. (2000). “Seismic stability analysis of reinforced slopes.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 19(3), 159–172.
Chen, W. F., and Liu, X. L. (1990). Limit analysis in soil mechanics, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Duncan, J. M. (1996). “State-of-the-art: Limit equilibrium and finite element analysis of slopes.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 577–596.
Gao, Y. F., Yang, S. C., Zhang, F., and Leshchinsky, B. (2016). “Three-dimensional reinforced slopes: Evaluation of required reinforcement strength and embedment length using limit analysis.” Geotext. Geomembr., 44(2), 133–142.
Gao, Y. F., Ye, M., and Zhang, F. (2015). “Three-dimensional analysis of slopes reinforced with piles.” J. Cent. South Univ., 22(6), 2322–2327.
Gao, Y. F., Zhang, F., Lei, G. H., and Li, D. Y. (2013). “An extended limit analysis of three-dimensional slope stability.” Géotechnique, 63(6), 518–524.
Han, C. Y., Chen, J. J., and Xia, X. H. (2014). “Three-dimensional stability analysis of anisotropic and non-homogeneous slopes using limit analysis.” J. Cent. South Univ., 21(3), 1142–1147.
Leshchinsky, D., Vahedifard, F., and Meehan, C. L. (2013). “Displacement-based internal design of geosynthetic-reinforced earth structures subjected to seismic loading conditions.” Géotechnique, 63(6), 451–462.
Li, A. J., Lyamin, A. V., and Merifield, R. S. (2009). “Seismic rock slope stability charts based on limit analysis methods.” Comput. Geotech., 36(1–2), 135–148.
Li, X. P., He, S. M., and Wang, C. H. (2006). “Stability analysis of slopes reinforced with piles using limit analysis method.” Proc., Advances in Earth Structures: Research to Practice, ASCE, Reston, VA, 105–112.
Li, X. P., He, S. M., and Wu, Y. (2010). “Seismic displacement of slopes reinforced with piles.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 880–884.
Lim, K., Lyamin, A. V., Cassidy, M. J., and Li, A. J. (2016). “Three-dimensional slope stability charts for frictional fill materials placed on purely cohesive clay.” Int. J. Geomech., 04015042.
Michalowski, R. L. (1997). “Stability of uniformly reinforced slopes.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 546–556.
Michalowski, R. L., and Drescher, A. (2009). “Three-dimensional stability of slopes and excavations.” Géotechnique, 59(10), 839–850.
Michalowski, R. L., and You, L. Z. (2000). “Displacements of reinforced slopes subjected to seismic loads.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 685–694.
Nian, T. K., Chen, G. Q., Luan, M. T., Yang, Q., and Zheng, D. F. (2008). “Limit analysis of the stability of slopes reinforced with piles against landslide in nonhomogeneous and anisotropic soils.” Can. Geotech. J., 45(8), 1092–1103.
Pan, Q. J., and Dias, D. (2016). “Face stability analysis for a shield-driven tunnel in anisotropic and nonhomogeneous soils by the kinematical approach.” Int. J. Geomech., 04015076.
Pan, Q. J., Jiang, Y. J., and Dias, D. (2017). “Probabilistic stability analysis of a three-dimensional rock slope characterized by the Hoek–Brown failure criterion.” J. Comput. Civ. Eng., 04017046.
Qin, C. B., and Chian, S. C. (2017). “Kinematic stability of a two-stage slope in layered soils.” Int. J. Geomech., 06017006.
Qin, C. B., Chian, S. C., and Yang, X. L. (2017). “3D limit analysis of progressive collapse in partly weathered Hoek–Brown rock banks.” Int. J. Geomech., 04017011.
Saada, Z., Maghous, S., and Garnier, D. (2012). “Stability analysis of rock slopes subjected to seepage forces using the modified Hoek–Brown criterion.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 55, 45–54.
Xu, J. S., and Yang, X. L. (2017). “Effects of seismic force and pore water pressure on three dimensional slope stability in nonhomogeneous and anisotropic soil.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng., 1–10.
Yang, X. L. (2017). “Lower bound analytical solution for bearing capacity factor using modified Hoek–Brown failure criterion.” Can. Geotech. J., 1–7.
Zou, J. F., and Li, S. S. (2015). “Theoretical solution for displacement and stress in strain-softening surrounding rock under hydraulic-mechanical coupling.” Sci. China-Technol. Sci., 58(8), 1401–1413.
Zou, J. F., Xia, Z. Q., and Dan, H. C. (2016). “Theoretical solutions for displacement and stress of a circular opening reinforced by grouted rock bolt.” Geomech. Eng., 11(3), 439–455.
Zou, J. F., and Xia, M. Y. (2017). “A new approach for the cylindrical cavity expansion problem incorporating deformation dependent of intermediate principal stress.” Geomech. Eng, 12(3), 347–360.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 30, 2017
Accepted: Jan 2, 2018
Published online: Apr 24, 2018
Published in print: Jul 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Sep 24, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.