Estimation of Shaft Radial Displacement beyond the Excavation Bottom before Installation of Permanent Lining in Nondilatant Weak Rocks with a Novel Formulation
This article has been corrected.
VIEW CORRECTIONPublication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 17, Issue 9
Abstract
The convergence-confinement method (CCM) applies to circular tunnels in in situ stress fields in which all three principal stresses are equal and the rock mass exhibits elastic-perfectly plastic shear failure. As radial wall displacement cannot be obtained easily using analytical methods, extensive parametric analysis of bidimensional numerical modelling to investigate the strain of the shaft wall close to the excavation bottom was performed. In all, 81 cases were derived from combinations of geometrical parameters and three weak rock categories. Through processing data relating to values of uR0 (radial displacement of the shaft wall at the excavation bottom) obtained by numerical calculation in the different cases studied, it was possible to calculate the uR0/R ratio as a function of the lithostatic stress p0, the lining thickness s, and the shaft radius R. Novel equations were obtained to quickly estimate the value of uR0 given the thickness of the lining concrete, the shaft depth, and the shaft radius for the qualities of rock considered.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Alejano, L. R., and Alonso, E. (2005). “Considerations of the dilatancy angle in rocks and rock masses.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci, 42(4), 481–507.
Alejano, L. R., Rodriguez-Dono, A., Alonso, A., and Fdez.-Manín, G. (2009). “Ground reaction curves for tunnels excavated in different quality rock masses showing several types of post-failure behaviour.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 24(6), 689–705.
Barton, N., Line, R., and Lunde, J. (1974). “Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support.” Rock Mech, 6(4), 189–236.
Bieniawski, Z. (1989). Engineering rock mass classifications, Wiley, New York.
British Tunnelling Society. (2004). Tunnel lining design guide, Thomas Telford, London.
Carranza-Torres, C., and Fairhurst, C. (2000). “Application of the convergence–confinement method of tunnel design to rock masses that satisfy the Hoek–Brown failure criterion.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 15(2), 187–213.
Duncan Fama, M. E. (1993). “Numerical modeling of yield zones in weak rock.” Comprehensive rock engineering, J. A. Hudson, ed., Vol. 2. Pergamon, Oxford, U.K., 49–75.
Fabich, S., Bauer, J., Rajczakowska, M., and Świtoń, S. (2015). “Design of the shaft lining and shaft stations for deep polymetallic ore deposits: Victoria Mine case study.” Min. Sci., 22, 127–146.
FLAC2D 6.0 [Computer software]. ITASCA Consulting Group, Inc., Minneapolis.
Henn, R. W. (2003). AUA guidelines for backfilling and contact grouting of tunnels and shafts, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Hoek, E. and Brown, E. T. (1997). “Practical estimates of rock mass strength.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 34(8), 1165–1186.
Hoek, E., Carranza-Torres, C., Diederichs, M. S., and Corkum, B. (2008). “Integration of geotechnical and structural design in tunnelling.” Proc., Univ. of Minnesota 56th Annual Geotechnical Engineering Conf., Consulting Engineers of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 1–53.
Hoek, E., and Brown, E. T. (1980). Underground excavations in rock, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London.
Jia, Y. D., Stace, R., and Williams, A. (2013). “Numerical modelling of shaft lining stability at deep mine.” Min. Technol. Sect. A, 122(1), 8–19.
Kitagawa, T., Kumeta, T., Ichizyo, T., Soga, S., Sato, M., and Yasukawa, M. (1991). “Application of convergence confinement analysis to the study of preceding displacement of a squeezing rock tunnel.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 24(1), 31–51.
Mariee, A. A., Belal, A. M., and El-Desouky, A. (2009). “Application of the convergence-confinement approach to analyze the rock-lining interaction in tunnels (case study: Shimizu Tunnel).” Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology, Military Technical College, Kobry Elkobbah, Cairo, Egypt.
Nawrocki, P. A., Dusseault, M. B., Bratli, R. K., and Xu, G. (1998). “Assessment of some semi-analytical models for non-linear modelling of borehole stresses.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci, 35(4), 522.
Nguyen-Minh, D., and Guo, C. (1996). “Recent progress in convergence confinement method.” ISRM Int. Symp.—EUROCK 96. G. Barla, ed., A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 855–860.
Oreste, P. (2003). “Analysis of structural interaction in tunnels using the convergence-confinement approach.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 18(4), 347–363.
Oreste, P. (2009a). “The convergence-confinement method: Roles and limits in modern geomechanical tunnel design.” Am. J. Appl. Sci, 6(4), 757–771.
Oreste, P. (2009b). “The determination of the tunnel structure loads through the analysis of the interaction between the void and the support using the convergence-confinement method.” Am. J. Appl. Sci., 11(11), 1945–1954.
Oreste, P. (2014). “A numerical approach for evaluating the convergence-confinement curve of a rock tunnel considering Hoek-Brown strength criterion.” Am. J. Appl. Sci., 11(12), 2021–2030.
Oreste, P. (2015). “Analysis of the interaction between the lining of a TBM tunnel and the ground using the convergence-confinement method.” Am. J. Appl. Sci., 12(4), 276–283.
Oreste, P., Spagnoli, G., and Lo Bianco, L. (2016). “A combined analytical and numerical approach for the evaluation of radial loads on the lining of vertical shafts.” Geotech. Geol. Eng., 34(4), 1057–1065.
Öztürk, H., and Ünal, E. (2001). “Estimation of lining thickness around circular shafts.” Proc., 17th Int. Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey–IMCET2001, 437–444.
Panet, M. (1995). Le calcul des tunnels par la mèthode convergence-confinement, Presses de l'ècolenationale des Ponts et chaussèes, Paris.
Peck, W. A., and Lee, M. F. (2007). “Application of the Q-system to Australian underground metal mines.” Proc., Int. Workshop on Rock Mass Classification in Underground Mining, C. Mark, R. Pakalnis, and R. J. Tuchman, eds., 129–140.
Santi, P. (2006). “Field methods for characterizing weak rock for engineering.” Environ. Eng. Geosci., 12(1), 1–11.
Spagnoli, G., Oreste, P., and Lo Bianco, L. (2016). “New equations for estimating radial loads on deep shaft linings in weak rocks.” Int. J. Geomech., 06016006.
Svoboda, T., and Masin, D. (2010). “Convergence-confinement method for simulating NATM tunnels evaluated by comparison with full 3D simulations.” Int. Conf. Underground Construction, Charles Univ., Prague, Czech Republic.
Vlachopoulos, N., and Diederichs, M. S. (2009). “Improved longitudinal displacement profiles for convergence confinement analysis of deep tunnels.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 42(2), 131–146.
Waltham, T. (2009). Foundations of engineering geology, Spoon, Oxon, U.K.
Wong, R., and Kaiser, P. (1988). “Design and performance evaluation of vertical shafts: Rational shaft design method and verification of design method.” Can. Geotech. J., 25(2), 320–337.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 4, 2016
Accepted: Feb 22, 2017
Published online: May 10, 2017
Published in print: Sep 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Oct 10, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.