Performance Evaluation of Long Pipe Roof for Tunneling below Existing Highway Based on Field Tests and Numerical Analysis: Case Study
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 17, Issue 9
Abstract
Pipe roof is a commonly used prereinforcing measure for stabilizing tunnel arches during tunneling in portal sections or passing beneath important facilities. This paper presents an investigation on the mechanical performance of a large-scale pipe roof (the pipes are 85 m long and 159 mm in diameter) that was used to prereinforce the surrounding ground and improve the stability of the Shitougang Railway Tunnel, which passes beneath the Hengyang-Kunming Highway in China. Three-dimensional numerical analysis was performed to investigate the mechanical performance of the pipe roof, and the stresses of the pipes were measured in the field using a series of strain gauges. Reasonable agreement was found between the observed field measurements and the numerical results. Such results indicate that the stress distribution of the pipe roof can be divided into three sections: a tension section right near the entrance casing arch, a compressive section behind the tunnel face, and a tension section ahead of the tunnel face. The peak stress values take place approximately at the middle of each section, which varies with the advancement of the tunnel face. This analysis provides a reference for evaluating the mechanical response of the long and large pipe roof in reinforcing shallow tunnel passing below highways.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The work presented in this paper was supported by the Jiangxi Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant 2015KY07), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 51608539), and the National 973 Program (Grant 2015CB057801). The authors are also grateful to the CCCC Fourth Highway Engineering Co., Ltd., of China and Nanning Railway Bureau of China Railway Corporation for their contribution and support of the field measurements presented in this paper.
References
Aksoy, C. O., and Onargan, T. (2010). “The role of umbrella arch and face bolt as deformation preventing support system in preventing building damages.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 25(5), 553–559.
Allard, E., and El Naggar, H. (2016). “Pressure distribution around rigid culverts considering soil–Structure interaction effects.” Int. J. Geomech., 04015056.
Bae, G. J., Shin, J. S., Sicilia, C., Choi, Y. G., and Lim, J. J. (2005). “Homogenization framework for three-dimensional elastoplastic finite element analysis of a grouted pipe roofing reinforcement method for tunnelling.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 29(1), 1–24.
Barisone, G., Pigorini, B., and Pelizza, S. (1982). “Umbrella arch method for tunnelling in difficult conditions—Analysis of Italian cases.” Proc., 4th Congress, International Association of Engineering Geology, New Delhi, India, 15–27.
China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co., Ltd. (2009). “Survey and Design Rep. of Shitougang Tunnel of Bid Section II of Extension Project of Hunan and Guangxi Railway.” Chengdu, China (in Chinese).
FLAC3D [Computer software]. Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., Minneapolis.
Franzius, J., and Potts, D. (2005). “Influence of mesh geometry on three-dimensional finite-element analysis of tunnel excavation.” Int. J. Geotech., 256–266.
Galli, G., Grimaldi, A., and Leonardi, A. (2004). “Three-dimensional modelling of tunnel excavation and lining.” Comput. Geotech., 31(3), 171–183.
Gou, D. M., Yang, J. S., and Zhang, G. (2007). “Deformation monitoring and mechanical behaviors of pipe-roof in shallow tunnels.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 26(6), 1258–1264 (in Chinese).
Hefny, A. M., Tan, W. L., Ranjith, P., Sharma, J., and Zhao, J. (2004). “Numerical analysis for umbrella arch method in shallow large scale excavation in weak rock.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 19(4–5), 500.
Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. (2005). FLAC 5.0 user’s manual, Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., Minneapolis.
MIDAS [Computer software]. MIDAS Information Technology Co., Gye Onggi-Do, Korea.
Nguyen, T., Ghabraie, K., Tran-Cong, T., and Fatahi, B. (2016). “Improving rockbolt design in tunnels using topology optimization.” Int. J. Geomech., 04015023.
Nie, Z. Y., Tan, X. B., Wang, Z. S., and Li, F. X. (2014). “Formula for rigidity coefficient of soil anchor in ‘Technical specification for retaining and protection of building foundation excavations.’” Chin. J. Geotech. Eng., 36(2), 130–135 (in Chinese).
Ocak, I. (2008). “Control of surface settlements with umbrella arch method in second stage excavations of Istanbul Metro.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 23, 674–681.
Oke, J., Vlachopoulos, N., and Diederichs, M. S. (2014). “Numerical analyses in the design of umbrella arch systems.” J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 6(6), 546–564.
Park, J., Cho, I., Lee, I., and Lee, S. (2012). “Tunnel reinforcement by using pressure-induced inflatable pipes method.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 1483–1491.
People’s Republic of China Professional Standards Compilation Group. (2004). “Code for design of road tunnel.” JTG D70-2004, China Communications Press, Beijing (in Chinese).
Pinyol, N. M., and Alonzo, E. E. (2012). “Design of micropiles for tunnel face reinforcement: Undrained upper bound solution.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 89–99.
Ranjbarnia, M., Fahimifar, A., and Oreste, P. (2016). “Practical method for the design of pretensioned fully grouted rockbolts in tunnels.” Int. J. Geomech., 04015012.
Shi, Y. F., Geng, D. X., Xu, C. J., Yang, J. S., and Fu, J. Y. (2016). “Performance of long pipe roof for large span shallow tunnel passing below existing highway.” Proc., 4th GeoChina Int. Conf., ASCE, Reston, VA, 133–140.
Shin, J. H., Choi, Y. K., Kwon, O. Y., and Lee, S. D. (2008). “Model testing for pipe-reinforced tunnel heading in a granular soil.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 23(3), 241–250.
Tan, W. L., and Ranjith, P. G. (2003). “Numerical analysis of pipe roof reinforcement in soft ground tunneling.” Proc., 16th Int. Conf. on Engineering Mechanics (CD-ROM), ASCE, Reston, VA.
Volkmann, G., and Schubert, W. (2006). “Optimization of excavation and support in pipe roof supported tunnel sections.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 21(3–4), 404–404.
Yang, J. S., Gou, D. M., and Zhang, Y. X. (2008). “Field measurements and numerical analyses of double-layer pipe roof reinforcement in a shallow multiarch tunnel.” Transportation Research Record, 2050, 145–153.
Yoo, C. (2002). “Finite element analysis of tunnel face reinforced by longitudinal pipes.” Comput. Geotech., 29(1), 73–94.
Yoo, C., and Shin, H. K. (2003). “Deformation behavior of tunnel face reinforced with longitudinal pipes laboratory and numerical investigation.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 18(4), 303–319.
Zhang, Z. Q., Li, H. Y., Liu, H. Y., Li, G. J., and Shi, X. Q. (2014). “Load transferring mechanism of pipe umbrella support in shallow-buried tunnels.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 43(Jul), 213–221.
Zheng, J. J., Zhang, R. J., and Yang, Q. (2009). “Mechanical mechanism of pipe roofs with variable coefficient of subgrade reaction in shallow tunnels.” Chin. J. Geotech. Eng., 31(8), 1165–1171 (in Chinese).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 17 • Issue 9 • September 2017
Copyright
© 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 4, 2016
Accepted: Feb 7, 2017
Published online: May 24, 2017
Published in print: Sep 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Oct 24, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.