Numerical Modeling of Fully Grouted Rockbolts Reaching Free-End Slip
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 16, Issue 1
Abstract
In this study, numerical simulation was conducted to model the behavior of rockbolts with free-end slip in tension. A nonlinear bond–slip relationship was input to the numerical model to represent the interaction mechanism of the interface between rockbolt and grout. The results of the model were validated against laboratory tests. The numerical model matched the experimental results in terms of load–displacement relationship, rockbolt strain distribution, and interfacial shear-stress distribution. This paper indicates that (1) the rockbolt element in the numerical model is capable of describing the strain-softening behavior of the rockbolt–grout interface; and (2) the pullout tests of rockbolts with free-end slip can be used to derive the bond–slip relationship, and thus provide insights into the mechanical behavior of rockbolts with free-end slip.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
ABAQUS. (2006). User’s manual, Version 6.6-1, Providence, RI.
Aziz, N. I. (2004). “Bolt surface profiles—An important parameter in load transfer capacity appraisal.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Ground Support, Fifth Int. Conf. on Ground Control and Mining Construction, Perth, WA, Australia, 221–231.
Benmokrane, B., Chennouf, A., and Mitri, H. S. (1995). “Laboratory evaluation of cement-based grouts and grouted rock anchors.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 32(7), 633–642.
Blanco Martín, L., Tijani, M., and Hadj-Hassen, F. (2011). “A new analytical solution to the mechanical behaviour of fully grouted rockbolts subjected to pull-out tests.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(2), 749–755.
Carranza-Torres, C. (2009). “Analytical and numerical study of the mechanics of rockbolt reinforcement around tunnels in rock masses.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 42(2), 175–228.
Farmer, I. W. (1975). “Stress distribution along a resin grouted rock anchor.” Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 12(11), 347–351.
Fu, H., Jiang, Z., and Li, H. (2011). “Physical modeling of compressive behaviors of anchored rock masses.” Int. J. Geomech., 186–194.
Gale, W., Mark, C., Oyler, D., and Chen, J. (2004). “Computer simulation of ground behaviour and rock bolt interaction at Emerald Mine.” Proc., 23rd Int. Conf. on Ground Control in Mining, West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV, 27–34.
Hsiao, F. Y., Wang, C. L., and Chern, J. C. (2009). “Numerical simulation of rock deformation for support design in tunnel intersection area.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 24(1), 14–21.
Itasca Consulting Group. (2006). FLAC—Fast Lagrangian analysis of continua (version 5.0), Minneapolis.
Ivanović, A., and Neilson, R. D. (2009). “Modelling of debonding along the fixed anchor length.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 46(4), 699–707.
Jalalifar, H. (2006). “A new approach in determining the load transfer mechanism in fully grouted bolts.” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Kilic, A., Yasar, E., and Atis, C. D. (2003). “Effect of bar shape on the pull-out capacity of fully-grouted rockbolts.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 18(1), 1–6.
Li, C. (2012). “Performance of D-bolts under static loading.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 45(2), 183–192.
Li, X. (2007). “Finite element modeling of skewed reinforced concrete.” M.S. thesis, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL.
Liu, H. Y., Small, J. C., and Carter, J. P. (2008). “Full 3D modelling for effects of tunnelling on existing support systems in the Sydney region.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 23(4), 399–420.
Ma, S., Nemcik, J., and Aziz, N. (2013). “An analytical model of fully grouted rock bolts subjected to tensile load.” Constr. Build. Mater., 49(0), 519–526.
Ma, S., Nemcik, J., Aziz, N., Zhang, Z. (2014). “Analytical model for rock bolts reaching free end slip.” Constr. Build. Mater., 57(0), 30–37.
Mark, C., Gale, W., Oyler, D., and Chen, J. (2007). “Case history of the response of a longwall entry subjected to concentrated horizontal stress.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 44(2), 210–221.
MATLAB 8.0 (2012). R2012b, Natick, MA, MathWorks.
Ren, F. F., Yang, Z. J., Chen, J. F., and Chen, W. W. (2010). “An analytical analysis of the full-range behaviour of grouted rockbolts based on a tri-linear bond-slip model.” Constr. Build. Mater., 24(3), 361–370.
Rong, G., Zhu, H., and Zhou, C. (2004). “Testing study on working mechanism of fully grouted bolts of thread steel and smooth steel.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 23(3), 469–475.
Shima, H., and Chow, L. (1987). “Micro and macro models for bond in reinforced concrete.” J. Fac. Eng. Univ. Tokyo Ser. B, 39(32), 133–194.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 17, 2013
Accepted: Dec 8, 2014
Published online: May 5, 2015
Discussion open until: Oct 5, 2015
Published in print: Feb 1, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.