Constitutive Model for Sand–Tire Chip Mixture
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 16, Issue 1
Abstract
Recycling or reuse of scrap tires in civil engineering projects has gained significant research attention in recent years. Experimental investigation reports suggest that inclusion of tire chips in sand increases the shear strength and decreases the dilatancy of sand implying the promising and environmentally sustainable use of sand–tire chip (STCh) mixture in civil engineering projects. However, only a few constitutive models have been developed to predict the monotonic behavior of STCh mixtures. In this paper, a semiempirical constitutive model has been developed using the critical state framework, which takes into account the constant stress ratio and state parameter () to capture the key features exhibited by the STCh mixture during shear loading. The model has been validated with extensive laboratory investigation results. It has been shown that the model can effectively simulate the monotonic behavior of the STCh mixture.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Ahmed, I. (1993). “Laboratory study of properties of rubber-soils.” Final Rep., Indiana Dept. of Transportation, Joint Highway Research Project, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN.
Been, K., and Jefferies, M. G. (1985). “A state parameter for sands.” Géotechnique, 35(2), 99–112.
Chen, W. F. and Mizuno, E. (1990). Nonlinear analysis in soil mechanics: Theory and implementation, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Dafalias, Y. F. (1986). “Bounding surface plasticity. I: Mathematical foundation and hypoplasticity.” J. Eng. Mech., 966–987.
Duncan, J. M., Byrne, P., Wong, K. S., and Mabry, P. (1980). “Strength stress-strain and bulk modulus parameters for finite elements analyses of stresses and movements in soil masses.” Geotechnical Engineering Resp. Rep. No. UCB/GT/80-01, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA.
Edil, T. B., and Bosscher, P. J. (1994). “Engineering properties of tire chips and soil mixtures.” Geotech. Test. J., 17(4), 453–464.
ETRMA (European Tyre and Rubber Manufacturers Association). (2011). “End of life tyres: A valuable resource with growing potential; 2011 edition.” 2 Avenue des Arts, box 12 B-1210 Brussels 〈www.etrma.org/uploads/Modules/Documentsmanager/brochure-elt-2011-final.pdf〉 (May 1, 2014).
ETRMA (2012). “ 2011–2012.” Brussels 〈http://www.etrma.org/uploads/Modules/Documentsmanager/etrma-annual-report-2012_8_def.pdf〉 (May 1, 2014).
Foose, G. J., Benson, C. H., and Bosscher, P. J. (1996). “Sand reinforced with shredded waste tires.” J. Geotech. Eng., 760–767.
Genan Business & Development A/S. (2012). “Scrap tyres.” 〈http://www.genan.eu/tyres-2.aspx〉 (Apr. 18, 2013).
Ghazavi, M. (2004). “Shear strength characteristics of sand-mixed with granular rubber.” Geotech. Geol. Eng., 22(3), 401–416.
Ghazavi, M., and Sakhi, M. A. (2005). “Influence of optimized tire shreds on shear strength parameters of sand.” Int. J. Geomech., 58–65.
Hataf, N., and Rahimi, M. M. (2005). “Experimental investigation of bearing capacity of sand reinforced with randomly distributed tire shreds.” Constr. Build. Mater., 20(10), 910–916.
Kawata, S., Hyodo, M., Orense, R. P. Y., and Hazarika, H. (2007). “Undrained and drained shear behaviour of sand and tire chips composite material.” Proc., Int. Workshop IW-TDGM2007, Taylor & Francis, Yokosuka, Japan, 277–283.
Lee, J. H., Salgado, R., Bernal, A., and Lovell, C. W. (1999). “Shredded tires and rubber-sand as lightweight backfill.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132–141.
Lee, J. S., Dodds, J., and Santamarina, J. C. (2007). “Behavior of rigid-soft particle mixtures.” J. Earthquake Eng., 179–184.
Li, X. S., and Dafalias, Y. F. (2000). “Dilatancy for cohesionless soils.” Géotechnique, 50(4), 449–460.
Masad, E., Taha, R., Ho, C. and Papagiannakis, T. (1996). “Engineering properties of tire/soil mixtures as a lightweight fill material.” Geotech. Test. J., 19(3), 297–304.
Mashiri, M. S., Vinod, J. S., Sheikh, M. N., and Tsang, H. H. (2015). “Shear strength and dilatancy behaviour of sand-tire chip mixture.” Soils Found., 55(3), in press.
Rao, G. V., and Dutta, R. K. (2006). “Compressibility and strength behaviour of sand–tyre chip mixtures.” Geotech. Geol. Eng., 24(3), 711–724.
RMA (Rubber Manufacturers Association). (2013). “2011 U.S. scrap tire market summary (Pub# MAR-026), Feb 2013.” Washington, DC, 〈http://www.rma.org/publications/scrap-tire-publications/market-reports〉 (May 1, 2014).
Sheikh, M. N., Mashiri, M., Vinod, J. S., and Tsang, H. H. (2013). “Shear and compressibility behavior of sand-tire crumb mixtures.” J. Mater. Civil Eng., 1366–1374.
Tatlisoz, N., Edil, T. B., and Benson, C. H. (1998). “Interaction between reinforcing geosynthetics and soil tire chip mixtures.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 1109–1119.
Youwai, S., and Bergado, D. T. (2003). “Strength and deformation characteristics of shredded rubber tire - sand mixtures.” Can. Geotech. J., 40(2), 254–264.
Zornberg, J. G., Viratjandr, C., and Cabral, A. R. (2004). “Behaviour of tire shred—sand mixtures.” Can. Geotech. J., 41(2), 227–241.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 11, 2014
Accepted: Nov 13, 2014
Published online: May 6, 2015
Discussion open until: Oct 6, 2015
Published in print: Feb 1, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.