Efficiency Boosting and Steam Saving for a Steam-Injected Gas Turbine Engine: Optimization Study of the Running Conditions
Publication: Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 147, Issue 1
Abstract
The increasing demand for gas turbines motivates the need to improve their performance and reduce the associated exhaust pollutants. Steam injection is an effective technique for boosting power because it increases the thermal efficiency, therefore saving fuel. However, in previous studies, the steam-injection process was designed based on a system of prespecified operating parameters without consideration of change. The present work conducted optimization analysis of a steam-injected gas turbine (STIG) engine to determine the optimum amount of steam for injection into the combustion chamber at specific operating conditions, namely pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature (TIT) to produce maximum efficiency and decrease wasted water. Design point analysis showed that the injection of the optimum steam-to-air (SA) ratio increased engine efficiency by 31%, increased output power by 76.8%, and decreased specific fuel consumption by 23.8% compared with the simple cycle. Off-design analysis changing the operating conditions was conducted to plot the operating curves of efficiency and specific power against the SA ratio in each scenario. The optimum operation locus of the system for which the efficiency was maximum was traced, and an equation for the system’s optimal operation as a function of TIT was formulated. Finally, the optimized and noncontrolled STIG engines were compared to show superior performance of the controlled engine.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
Abubaker, A. M., Y. S. Najjar, and A. D. Ahmad. 2020. “A uniquely finned tube heat exchanger design of a condenser for heavy-duty air conditioning systems.” Int. J. Air-Conditioning Refrig. 28 (1): 2050004. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010132520500042.
Ahmad, A. D., A. M. Abubaker, Y. S. Najjar, and Y. M. A. Manaserh. 2020. “Power boosting of a combined cycle power plant in Jordan: An integration of hybrid inlet cooling & solar systems.” Energy Convers. Manage. 214 (Jun): 112894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112894.
Akyurt, M., N. J. Lamfon, Y. S. H. Najjar, M. H. Habeebullah, and T. Y. Alp. 1995. “Modeling of waste heat recovery by looped water-in-steel heat pipes.” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 16 (4): 263–271.
Al-Ansary, H. A., J. A. Orfi, and M. E. Ali. 2013. “Impact of the use of a hybrid turbine inlet air cooling system in arid climates.” Energy Convers. Manage. 75 (Nov): 214–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.06.005.
Albeirutty, M. H., A. S. Alghamdi, and Y. S. Najjar. 2004. “Heat transfer analysis for a multistage gas turbine using different blade-cooling schemes.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 24 (4): 563–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2003.10.007.
Al-Ghussain, L. 2017. “Economic assessment of PV investments in Jordan.” Innov. Energy Res. 6 (159): 2. https://doi.org/10.4172/2576-1463.1000159.
Al-Ghussain, L. 2019. “Global warming: review on driving forces and mitigation.” Environ. Prog. Sustainable Energy 38 (1): 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.13041.
Al-Ghussain, L., H. Ahmed, and F. Haneef. 2018a. “Optimization of hybrid PV-wind system: Case study Al-Tafilah cement factory, Jordan.” Sustainable Energy Technol. Assess. 30 (Dec): 24–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2018.08.008.
Al-Ghussain, L., O. Al-Oran, and F. Lezsovits. Forthcoming. “Statistical estimation of hourly diffuse radiation intensity of Budapest city.” Environ. Prog. Sustainable Energy e13464. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.13464.
Al-Ghussain, L., R. Samu, and M. Fahrioglu. 2018b. “Techno-economic feasibility of PV/wind-battery storage: Case analysis in Zimbabwe.” In Proc., 16th Int. Conf. on Clean Energy (ICCE-2018), 9–11. Famagusta, Norther Cyprus: Eastern Mediterranean Univ.
Al-Ghussain, L., R. Samu, O. Taylan, and M. Fahrioglu. 2020. “Sizing renewable energy systems with energy storage systems in microgrids for maximum cost-efficient utilization of renewable energy resources.” Sustainable Cities Soc. 55 (Apr): 102059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102059.
Al-Ghussain, L., and O. Taylan. 2019. “Sizing methodology of a PV/wind hybrid system: Case study in cyprus.” Environ. Prog. Sustainable Energy 38 (3): e13052. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.13052.
Al-Ghussain, L., O. Taylan, and D. K. Baker. 2019. “An investigation of optimum PV and wind energy system capacities for alternate short and long-term energy storage sizing methodologies.” Int. J. Energy Res. 43 (1): 204–218. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4251.
Al-Ghussain, L., O. Taylan, and M. Fahrioglu. 2018c. “Sizing of a photovoltaic-wind-oil shale hybrid system: Case analysis in Jordan.” J. Sol. Energy Eng. 140 (1): 011002. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038048.
Al-Ghussain, L., O. Taylan, R. Samu, and M. Fahrioglu. 2018d. “Techno-economic analysis of photovoltaic-hydrogen fuel cell/pumped hydro storage system for micro grid applications: Case study in Cyprus.” In Proc., 2018 Int. Conf. on Photovoltaic Science and Technologies (PVCon), 1–6. New York: IEEE.
Bhargava, R., G. N. di Montenegro, and A. Peretto. 2002. “Thermoeconomic analysis of an intercooled, reheat, and recuperated gas turbine for cogeneration applications—Part II: Part-load operation.” J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 124 (4): 892–903. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1477195.
Bonalumi, D., and A. Giuffrida. 2016. “Investigations of an air-blown integrated gasification combined cycle fired with high-sulphur coal with post-combustion carbon capture by aqueous ammonia.” Energy 117 (Part 2): 439–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.04.025.
Bouam, A., S. Aissani, and R. Kadi. 2008a. “Combustion chamber steam injection for gas turbine performance improvement during high ambient temperature operations.” J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 130 (4): 041701. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2898834.
Bouam, A., S. Aïssani, and R. Kadi. 2008b. “Gas turbine performances improvement using steam injection in the combustion chamber under Sahara conditions.” Oil Gas Sci. Technol.-Revue de l’IFP 63 (2): 251–261. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst:2007076.
Cengel, Y. A., and M. A. Boles. 2002. “Thermodynamics: An engineering approach.” Sea 1000: 8862.
Cesur, I. 2020. “Effects of water injection on performance and exhaust emissions of SI engine with piston.” J. Energy Eng. 146 (5): 04020040. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000687.
Cleeton, J. P. E., R. M. Kavanagh, and G. T. Parks. 2009. “Blade cooling optimisation in humid-air and steam-injected gas turbines.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 29 (16): 3274–3283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2009.04.034.
Darwish Ahmad, A., A. M. Abubaker, A. A. Salaimeh, and N. K. Akafuah. 2018. “Schlieren visualization of shaping air during operation of an electrostatic rotary bell sprayer: Impact of shaping air on droplet atomization and transport.” Coatings 8 (8): 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8080279.
Darwish Ahmad, A., B. B. Singh, M. Doerre, A. M. Abubaker, M. Arabghahestani, A. A. Salaimeh, and N. K. Akafuah. 2019. “Spatial positioning and operating parameters of a rotary bell sprayer: 3D mapping of droplet size distributions.” Fluids 4 (3): 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids4030165.
de Biasi, V. 2013. “Combined cycle heat rates at simple cycle $/kW plant costs.” Gas Turbine World 43 (2): 22–29.
de Biasi, V. 2014. “Cheng cycle CHP building on 30 years of industry experience.” Gas Turbine World, 14–23.
Delattin, F., S. Bram, S. Knoops, and J. De Ruyck. 2008. “Effects of steam injection on microturbine efficiency and performance.” Energy 33 (2): 241–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2007.09.007.
Fallah, M., H. Siyahi, R. A. Ghiasi, S. M. S. Mahmoudi, M. Yari, and M. A. Rosen. 2016. “Comparison of different gas turbine cycles and advanced exergy analysis of the most effective.” Energy 116 (Part 1): 701–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.10.009.
Farshad, A., M. Shams, A. Behbahani-nia, and R. Bahrampoury. 2011. “Sensitivity analysis and thermo-economic optimisation of Steam Injected Gas Turbine cycle design parameters.” Int. J. Exergy 8 (3): 281–296. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEX.2011.039791.
Forsthoffer, W. E. 2011. Forsthoffer’s best practice handbook for rotating machinery. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
Guan, X., A. Hewitt, W. Peng, P. Vimalchand, M. Nelson, T. Pinkston, and D. Madden. 2019. “Particulate control devices in Kemper County IGCC project.” Energy Rep. 5 (Nov): 969–978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.07.009.
Horlock, J. H. 2003. Advanced gas turbine cycles. Cambridge, UK: Whittle Laboratory.
Kler, A. M., and P. V. Zharkov. 2018. “An effective method for optimization of continuous and discrete parameters of heat and power plants.” Thermophys. Aeromech. 25 (2): 305–316. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869864318020166.
Koç, Y., H. Yağlı, and I. Kalay. 2020. “Energy, exergy, and parametric analysis of simple and recuperative organic Rankine cycles using a gas turbine–based combined cycle.” J. Energy Eng. 146 (5): 04020041. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000693.
Lamfon, N. J., Y. S. H. Najjar, and M. Akyurt. 1998. “Modeling and simulation of combined gas turbine engine and heat pipe system for waste heat recovery and utilization.” Energy Convers. Manage. 39 (1–2): 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(96)00175-6.
Li, Y.-H., J. Kim, S. Kim, and H. Han. 2019. “Use of latent heat recovery from liquefied natural gas combustion for increasing the efficiency of a combined-cycle gas turbine power plant.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 161 (Oct): 114177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114177.
Lloyd, A. 1991. Thermodynamics of chemically recuperated gas turbines. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Najjar, Y. S. H. 2013. “Hydrogen safety: The road toward green technology.” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 38 (25): 10716–10728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.05.126.
Najjar, Y. S. H., and A. M. Abubaker. 2015. “Indirect evaporative combined inlet air cooling with gas turbines for green power technology.” Int. J. Refrig. 59 (Nov): 235–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.07.001.
Najjar, Y. S. H., and A. M. Abubaker. 2016. “Using novel compressed-air energy storage systems as a green strategy in sustainable power generation—A review.” Int. J. Energy Res. 40 (12): 1595–1610. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.3550.
Najjar, Y. S. H., and A. M. Abubaker. 2017a. “Exergy analysis of a novel inlet air cooling system with gas turbine engines using cascaded waste-heat recovery.” Int. J. Exergy 22 (2): 183–204. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEX.2017.083012.
Najjar, Y. S. H., and A. M. Abubaker. 2017b. “Thermoeconomic analysis and optimization of a novel inlet air cooling system with gas turbine engines using cascaded waste-heat recovery.” Energy 128 (Jun): 421–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.029.
Najjar, Y. S. H., A. M. Abubaker, and A. F. S. El-Khalil. 2015. “Novel inlet air cooling with gas turbine engines using cascaded waste-heat recovery for green sustainable energy.” Energy 93 (Part 1): 770–785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.09.033.
Najjar, Y. S. H., M. Akyurt, O. M. Al-Rabghi, and T. Alp. 1993. “Cogeneration with gas turbine engines.” Heat Recovery Syst. CHP 13 (5): 471–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(93)90048-Z.
Najjar, Y. S. H., and S. Al-Absi. 2015. “Sustainable gas turbine power generation by adopting green control technologies.” Int. J. Sustainable Eng. 8 (4–5): 250–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2013.865812.
Najjar, Y. S. H., and Y. M. A. Manaserh. 2019. “Aligning combined cycle power plant performance with field measurements.” Arabian J. Sci. Eng. 44 (2): 1657–1669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-018-3615-2.
Najjar, Y. S. H., and M. N. Nahas. 1994. “Intercooled low-pressure turbo steam-injection gas turbine with cogeneration.” J. Inst. Energy 67 (470): 30–36.
Najjar, Y. S. H., and M. S. Zaamout. 1992. “Comparative performance of closed cycle gas turbine engine with heat recovery using different gases.” Heat Recovery Syst. CHP 12 (6): 489–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(92)90017-C.
Najjar, Y. S. H., and M. S. Zaamout. 1996. “Enhancing gas-turbine engine performance by means of the evaporative regenerative cycle.” J. Inst. Energy 69 (478): 2–8.
Ondryas, I. S., D. A. Wilson, M. Kawamoto, and G. L. Haub. 1991. “Options in gas turbine power augmentation using inlet air chilling.” J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 113 (2): 203–211. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2906546.
Ren, J., Y. Cao, Y. Long, X. Qiang, and Y. Dai. 2019. “Thermodynamic comparison of gas turbine and ORC combined cycle with pure and mixture working fluids.” J. Energy Eng. 145 (1): 05018002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000580.
Renzi, M., F. Patuzzi, and M. Baratieri. 2017a. “Syngas feed of micro gas turbines with steam injection: Effects on performance, combustion and pollutants formation.” Appl. Energy 206 (Nov): 697–707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.214.
Renzi, M., C. Riolfi, and M. Baratieri. 2017b. “Influence of the syngas feed on the combustion process and performance of a micro gas turbine with steam injection.” Energy Procedia 105 (May): 1665–1670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.543.
Saghafifar, M., and M. Gadalla. 2015. “Analysis of Maisotsenko open gas turbine bottoming cycle.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 82 (May): 351–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.02.032.
Saidi, A., B. Sundén, and D. Eriksson. 2000. “Intercoolers in gas turbine systems and combi-processes for production of electricity.” In Proc., Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, V003T01A42. New York: ASME.
Shams, M. B., E. M. Elkanzi, Z. Ramadhan, S. Rahma, and M. Khamis. 2017. “Gas turbine inlet air cooling system for enhancing propane recovery in a gas plant: Theoretical and cost analyses.” J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 43 (Jul): 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2017.03.031.
Srinivas, T., A. V. Gupta, and B. V. Reddy. 2007. “Parametric simulation of steam injected gas turbine combined cycle.” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part A: J. Power Energy 221 (7): 873–883. https://doi.org/10.1243/09576509JPE418.
Wang, F. J., and J. S. Chiou. 2002. “Performance improvement for a simple cycle gas turbine GENSET—A retrofitting example.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 22 (10): 1105–1115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-4311(02)00030-3.
Wilson, J., S. Grib, A. D. Ahmad, M. Renfro, S. Adams, and A. Salaimeh. 2018. “Study of near-cup droplet breakup of an automotive electrostatic rotary bell (ESRB) atomizer using high-speed shadowgraph imaging.” Coatings 8 (5): 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8050174.
Zhang, W., X. Li, and M. Cui. 2018. “Total supply capacity of electric-gas combined system considering distributed renewable generation.” J. Energy Eng. 144 (3): 04018018. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000541.
Ziółkowski, P., M. Lemański, J. Badur, and L. Nastałek. 2012. “Power augmentation of PGE Gorzow’s gas turbine by steam injection - thermodynamic overview.” Benefits 6: 8.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 8, 2020
Accepted: Aug 25, 2020
Published online: Nov 19, 2020
Published in print: Feb 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Apr 19, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.