Aerodynamic Interference between Two Road Vehicle Models during Overtaking
Publication: Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 2
Abstract
Using experimental (particle-image velocimetry and force measurement) and numerical tools [steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model], the overtaking maneuver between two identical vehicle models was examined. Considering the maneuver to be quasi-steady, one of the models (overtaken vehicle) was fixed while the other (overtaking vehicle) was set at various axial distances from the overtaken vehicle. The lateral clearance between the vehicles was constant and equal to 35% of the vehicles’ width. Due to the existence of an overpressure region upstream of the front of the overtaking vehicle, a side force was applied on the overtaken vehicle. Moreover, due to low pressures in the space between the two vehicles, a reduction in the base pressure of the overtaken vehicle caused an increase in its drag. Both forces and the yaw moment varied significantly when the front of the overtaking vehicle moved from the rear of the overtaken toward its front.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Ahmed, S. R., G. Ramm, and G. Faltin. 1984. Some salient features of the time averaged ground vehicle wake: SAE Paper 840300. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.
Bonnavion, G., O. Cadot, A. Évrard, V. Herbert, S. Parpais, R. Vigneron, and J. Délery. 2017. “On multistabilities of real car’s wake.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 164: 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.02.004.
Brown, G. J., and G. R. Seemann. 1972. “An experimental investigation of the unsteady aerodynamics of passing highway vehicles.” Rep. No. DOT HS-800672. Accessed May 1972. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015071647336;view=1up;seq=1.
Castelain, T., M. Michard, M. Szmigiel, D. Chacaton, and D. Juve. 2018. “Identification of flow classes in the wake of a simplified truck model depending on the underbody velocity.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 175: 352–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.02.004.
Choi, H., J. Lee, and H. Park. 2014. “Aerodynamics of heavy vehicles.” Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 46 (1): 441–468. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-011212-140616.
Corin, R. J., L. He, and R. G. Dominy. 2008. “A CFD investigation into the transient aerodynamic forces on overtaking road vehicles models.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 96 (8–9): 1390–1411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.03.006.
Favre, T., and G. Efraimsson. 2011. “An assessment of detached-eddy simulations of unsteady crosswind aerodynamics of road vehicles.” Flow Turbul. Combust. 87 (1): 133–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-011-9333-4.
Gu, Z., Y. He, W. Zhou, and B. Jiang. 2008. “Numerical simulation analysis of external flow field of wagon-shaped car at the moment of passing.” Chin. J. Mech. Eng. 21 (4): 76–80. https://doi.org/10.3901/CJME.2008.04.076.
Heffley, R. K. 1973. Aerodynamics of passenger vehicles in close proximity to trucks and buses: SAE Paper No. 730235, 901–914. New York: Society of Automotive Engineers.
Howell, J., K. Garry, and J. Holt. 2014. “The aerodynamics of a small car overtaking a truck.” SAE Int. 7 (2): 626–638. https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-0604.
Howell, J. P. 1973. “The influence of the proximity of large vehicle on the aerodynamic characteristics of a typical car.” In Advances in road vehicle aerodynamics, edited by H. S. Stephens, 207–221. Bedford, UK: BHRA Fluid Engineering.
Hu, X., B. He, S. Li, Y. Zhang, and Y. Wu. 2007. “Numerical simulation of three dimensional transient aerodynamic characteristics of two crossing vehicles.” Int. J. Comput. Methods Eng. Sci. Mech. 8 (4): 223–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502280701375478.
Hu, X., L. Liao, J. Wang, Z. Zhang, and F. Ren. 2012. “Numerical research on aerodynamic characteristics of lane-changed overtaking cars based on overlapping grid.” Appl. Mech. Mater. 224: 343–347. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.224.343.
Hucho, W.-H., and G. Sovran. 1993. “Aerodynamics of road vehicles.” Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 25 (1): 485–537. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.25.010193.002413.
Hyams, D. G., K. Sreenivas, R. Pankajakshan, D. S. Nichols, W. R. Briley, and D. L. Whitfield. 2011. “Computational simulation of model and full scale Class 8 trucks with reduction devices.” Comput. Fluids 41 (1): 27–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2010.09.015.
Joubert, E. C., T. M. Harms, and G. Venter. 2015. “Computational simulation of the turbulent flow around a surface mounted rectangular prism.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 142: 173–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.03.019.
Lichtneger, P., and B. Ruck. 2018. “Full scale experiments on vehicle induced transient pressure loads on roadside walls.” J. Wind Eng. 174: 451–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.06.012.
Liu, L., Y. Sun, X. Chi, G. Du, and M. Wang. 2017. “Transient aerodynamic characteristics of vans overtaking in crosswinds.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 170: 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.07.014.
Longo, R., M. Ferrarotti, C. G. Sanchez, M. Derudi, and A. Parente. 2017. “Advanced turbulence models and boundary conditions for flows around different configurations of ground-mounted buildings.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 167: 160–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.04.015.
McClean, J. F., and D. Sumner. 2014. “An experimental investigation of aspect ratio and incidence angle effects for the flow around surface-mounted finite-height square prisms.” J. Fluids Eng. 136 (8): 081206. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4027138.
Menter, F. R. 1994. “Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications.” AIAA J. 32 (8): 1598–1605. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.12149.
Noger, C., C. Regardin, and E. Széchényi. 2005. “Investigation of the transient aerodynamic phenomena associated with passing manoeuvres.” J. Fluids Struct. 21 (3): 231–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2005.05.013.
Ntinas, G. K., X. Shen, Y. Wang, and G. Zhang. 2018. “Evaluation of CFD turbulence models for simulating external airflow around varied building roof with wind tunnel experiment.” Build. Simul. 11 (1): 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-017-0369-9.
Shao, N., G. Yao, C. Zhang, and M. Wang. 2017. “A research into the flow and vortex structures around vehicles during overtaking maneuver with lift force included.” Adv. Mech. Eng. 9 (9): 168781401773289. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814017732892.
Telionis, D. P., C. J. Fahrner, and G. S. Jones. 1984. “An experimental study of highway aerodynamic interferences.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 17 (3): 267–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(84)90021-7.
Uystepruyst, D., and S. Krajnovic. 2013. “Numerical simulation of the transient phenomena induced by passing manoeuvres.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 114: 62–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2012.12.018.
Wood, R. 2015. “Reynolds number impact on commercial vehicle aerodynamics and performance.” SAE Int. J. Commer. Veh. 8 (2): 590–667. https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-2859.
Yamamoto, S., K. Yanagimoto, H. Fukuda, H. China, and K. Nakagawa. 1997. “Aerodynamic influence of a passing vehicle on the stability of the other vehicles.” JSAE Rev. 18 (1): 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0389-4304(96)00063-X.
Yu, D., K. Butler, A. Kareem, J. Glimm, and J. Sun. 2013. “Simulation of the influence of aspect ratio on the aerodynamics of rectangular prisms.” J. Eng. Mech. 139 (4): 429–438. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000494.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 7, 2018
Accepted: Oct 29, 2018
Published online: Jan 29, 2019
Published in print: Apr 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Jun 29, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.