Experimental Study on Unregulated Emissions Characteristics of Alcohol-Diesel Dual-Fuel Combustion with Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
Publication: Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 2
Abstract
An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the effects of alcohol properties on dual-fuel (DF) combustion and unregulated emissions such as , HCHO, and on a multicylinder turbocharged, intercooled, common-rail diesel engine with a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC). Three alcohol fuels, i.e., methanol, ethanol, and hydrous ethanol, were injected in the intake port and diesel was directly injected into the cylinder to realize DF combustion modes called DM, DE, and DE70, respectively. Results show that under DF modes the starting point of combustion is delayed, and the proportion and rate of premixed heat release are increased as compared with diesel only. At full load, the premixed ethanol is compression ignited before diesel ignition. The , HCHO, and emissions from DF combustion are significantly higher than those of diesel only and emissions increase with the rise in premixed alcohol ratio. DOC can effectively purify , HCHO, and emissions of the DF mode with the average catalytic efficiencies of greater than 98%, 92%, and 91%, respectively. Research indicates that DF combustion could not cause excessive unregulated emissions with the DOC, or even lower than the original engine.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11704326).
References
Alptekin, E. 2017. “Evaluation of ethanol and isopropanol as additives with diesel fuel in a CRDI diesel engine.” Fuel 205: 161–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.05.076.
Alzueta, M. U., and J. M. Hernández. 2002. “Ethanol oxidation and its interaction with nitric oxide.” Energy Fuels 16 (1): 166–171. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef010153n.
Benajes, J., A. García, J. Monsalve-Serrano, and V. Boronat. 2017. “Gaseous emissions and particle size distribution of dual-mode dual-fuel diesel-gasoline concept from low to full load.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 120: 138–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.04.005.
Chen, A. F., M. A. Adzmia, A. Adam, M. F. Othman, M. K. Kamaruzzaman, and A. G. Mrwan. 2018a. “Combustion characteristics, engine performances and emissions of a diesel engine using nanoparticle-diesel fuel blends with aluminium oxide, carbon nanotubes and silicon oxide.” Energy Convers. Manage. 171: 461–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.06.004.
Chen, H., P. Zhang, and Y. Liu. 2018b. “Investigation on combustion and emission performance of a common rail diesel engine fueled with diesel-ethylene glycol dual fuel.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 142: 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.06.073.
Fan, C., C. Song, G. Lv, G. Wang, H. Zhou, and X. Jing. 2018. “Evaluation of carbonyl compound emissions from a non-road machinery diesel engine fueled with a methanol/diesel blend.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 129: 1382–1391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.10.086.
Fu, J., J. Shu, Z. Zhao, J. Liu, and F. Zhou. 2017. “Comparative analysis of soot formation processes of diesel and ABE (acetone-butanol-ethanol) based on CFD coupling with phenomenological soot model.” Fuel 203: 380–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.04.108.
Ghadikolaei, M. A., C. S. Cheung, and K. F. Yung. 2018. “Study of combustion, performance and emissions of diesel engine fueled with diesel/biodiesel/alcohol blends having the same oxygen concentration.” Energy 157: 258–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.164.
He, T., Z. Chen, L. Zhu, and Q. Zhang. 2018. “The influence of alcohol additives and EGR on the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine under high-load condition.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 140: 363–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.05.064.
Heywood, J. B. 1988. Internal combustion engine fundamentals. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Jamrozik, A. 2017. “The effect of the alcohol content in the fuel mixture on the performance and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine fueled with diesel-methanol and diesel-ethanol blends.” Energy Convers. Manage. 148: 461–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.06.030.
Kumar, P., and A. Rehman. 2016. “Bio-diesel in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion.” Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 56: 536–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.088.
Lee, J., S. Lee, and S. Lee. 2018. “Experimental investigation on the performance and emissions characteristics of ethanol/diesel dual-fuel combustion.” Fuel 220: 72–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.002.
Li, R., Z. Liu, Y. Han, M. Tan, Y. Xu, J. Tian, D. Chong, J. Chai, J. Liu, and Z. Li. 2017. “Experimental and numerical investigation into the effect of fuel type and fuel/air molar concentration on autoignition temperature of n-heptane, methanol, ethanol, and butanol.” Energy Fuels 31 (3): 2572–2584. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02940.
Li, Y., C. Zhang, W. Yu, and H. Wu. 2016. “Effects of rapid burning characteristics on the vibration of a common-rail diesel engine fueled with diesel-methanol dual-fuel.” Fuel 170: 176–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.12.045.
Liao, S. Y., H. M. Li, L. W. Mi, X. H. Shi, G. Wang, Q. Cheng, and C. Yuan. 2010. “Development and validation of a reduced chemical kinetic model for methanol oxidation.” Energy Fuels 25 (1): 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef101335q.
Liu, H., G. Ma, B. Hu, Z. Zheng, and M. Yao. 2018a. “Effects of port injection of hydrous ethanol on combustion and emission characteristics in dual-fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) mode.” Energy 145: 592–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.089.
Liu, H., J. Ma, F. Dong, Y. Yang, X. Liu, G. Ma, Z. Zheng, and M. Yao. 2018b. “Experimental investigation of the effects of diesel fuel properties on combustion and emissions on a multi-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine.” Energy Convers. Manage. 171: 1787–1800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.06.089.
Liu, J., C. Gong, L. Peng, F. Liu, X. Yu, and Y. Li. 2017. “Numerical study of formaldehyde and unburned methanol emissions of direct injection spark ignition methanol engine under cold start and steady state operating conditions.” Fuel 202: 405–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.04.059.
Liu, J., A. Yao, and C. Yao. 2015. “Effects of diesel injection pressure on the performance and emissions of a HD common-rail diesel engine fueled with diesel/methanol dual fuel.” Fuel 140: 192–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.109.
Lyon, R. K., J. A. Cole, J. C. Kramlich, and S. L. Chen. 1990. “The selective reduction of to and the oxidation of NO to by methanol.” Combust. Flame 81 (1): 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(90)90067-2.
Mei, D., K. Hielscher, and R. Baar. 2014. “Study on combustion process and emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine fueled with DMC/diesel blend.” J. Energy Eng. 140 (1): 04013004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000168.
Pedrozo, V. B., I. May, W. Guan, and H. Zhao. 2018. “High efficiency ethanol-diesel dual-fuel combustion: A comparison against conventional diesel combustion from low to full engine load.” Fuel 230: 440–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.034.
Rakopoulos, C. D., D. C. Rakopoulos, G. C. Mavropoulos, and G. M. Kosmadakis. 2018a. “Investigating the EGR rate and temperature impact on diesel engine combustion and emissions under various injection timings and loads by comprehensive two-zone modeling.” Energy 157: 990–1014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.178.
Rakopoulos, D. C., C. D. Rakopoulos, E. G. Giakoumis, N. P. Komninos, G. M. Kosmadakis, and R. G. Papagiannakis. 2017. “Comparative evaluation of ethanol, -butanol, and diethyl ether effects as biofuel supplements on combustion characteristics, cyclic variations, and emissions balance in light-duty diesel engine.” J. Energy Eng. 143 (2): 04016044. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000399.
Rakopoulos, D. C., C. D. Rakopoulos, E. G. Giakoumis, and R. G. Papagiannakis. 2018b. “Evaluating oxygenated fuel’s influence on combustion and emissions in diesel engines using a two-zone combustion model.” J. Energy Eng. 144 (4): 04018046. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000556.
Rakopoulos, D. C., C. D. Rakopoulos, and D. C. Kyritsis. 2016. “Butanol or DEE blends with either straight vegetable oil or biodiesel excluding fossil fuel: Comparative effects on diesel engine combustion attributes, cyclic variability and regulated emissions trade-off.” Energy 115: 314–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.09.022.
Roy, M. M., J. Calder, W. Wang, A. Mangad, and F. C. M. Diniz. 2016. “Cold start idle emissions from a modern Tier-4 turbo-charged diesel engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel, diesel-biodiesel-ethanol, and diesel-biodiesel-diethyl ether blends.” Appl. Energy 180: 52–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.090.
Saxena, M. R., and R. K. Maurya. 2017. “Effect of premixing ratio, injection timing and compression ratio on nano particle emissions from dual fuel non-road compression ignition engine fueled with gasoline/methanol (port injection) and diesel (direct injection).” Fuel 203: 894–914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.05.015.
Venu, H., and V. Madhavan. 2017. “Influence of diethyl ether (DEE) addition in ethanol-biodiesel-diesel (EBD) and methanol-biodiesel-diesel (MBD) blends in a diesel engine.” Fuel 189: 377–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.101.
Wang, H., X. Zhao, L. Tong, and M. Yao. 2018a. “The effects of DI fuel properties on the combustion and emissions characteristics of RCCI combustion.” Fuel 227: 457–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.025.
Wang, Z., S. Wu, Y. Huang, S. Huang, S. Shi, X. Cheng, and R. Huang. 2018b. “Experimental investigation on spray, evaporation and combustion characteristics of ethanol-diesel, water-emulsified diesel and neat diesel fuels.” Fuel 231: 438–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.129.
Wei, H., C. Yao, W. Pan, G. Han, Z. Dou, T. Wu, M. Liu, B. Wang, J. Gao, C. Chen, and J. Shi. 2017. “Experimental investigations of the effects of pilot injection on combustion and gaseous emission characteristics of diesel/methanol dual fuel engine.” Fuel 188: 427–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.056.
Xu, H., C. Yao, and G. Xu. 2012. “Chemical kinetic mechanism and a skeletal model for oxidation of -heptane/methanol fuel blends.” Fuel 93: 625–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.09.048.
Yano, T., and K. Ito. 1983. “Behavior of methanol and formaldehyde in burned gas from methanol combustion: A chemical kinetic study.” Bull. Japan Soc. Mech. Eng. 26 (211): 94–101. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsme1958.26.94.
Yao, C., C. S. Cheung, C. Cheng, and Y. Wang. 2007. “Reduction of smoke and from diesel engines using a diesel/methanol compound combustion system.” Energy Fuels 21 (2): 686–691. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef0602731.
Yao, C., C. S. Cheung, C. Cheng, Y. Wang, T. L. Chan, and S. C. Lee. 2008. “Effect of diesel/methanol compound combustion on diesel engine combustion and emissions.” Energy Convers. Manage. 49 (6): 1696–1704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2007.11.007.
Yilmaz, N. 2012. “Comparative analysis of biodiesel–ethanol–diesel and biodiesel–methanol–diesel blends in a diesel engine.” Energy 40 (1): 210–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.01.079.
Zhang, Z. H., C. S. Cheung, T. L. Chan, and C. D. Yao. 2009. “Emission reduction from diesel engine using fumigation methanol and diesel oxidation catalyst.” Sci. Total Environ. 407 (15): 4497–4505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.04.036.
Zhang, Z. H., C. S. Cheung, T. L. Chan, and C. D. Yao. 2010. “Experimental investigation on regulated and unregulated emissions of a diesel/methanol compound combustion engine with and without diesel oxidation catalyst.” Sci. Total Environ. 408 (4): 865–872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.060.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 145 • Issue 2 • April 2019
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 1, 2018
Accepted: Oct 16, 2018
Published online: Dec 18, 2018
Published in print: Apr 1, 2019
Discussion open until: May 18, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.