Simulation of Combustion Process and Pollutant Generation in a PCCI Diesel Engine with Adaptable Multiple Injection
Publication: Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 144, Issue 5
Abstract
The combustion process in a single-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine with a pilot-pilot-main injection strategy was simulated using a computational fluid dynamics software. The effect of injection timing on the combustion process as well as the generation of NO and soot was analyzed in detail. It was revealed that the retardation of injection timing causes the pressure in the cylinder to decrease gradually. The main heat release peak also reduces while the premixed combustion fraction increases, and this causes the position of the heat release peak to move away from top dead center. At the moment of 10% heat release () with retarding the injection timing, soot generation decreases as the lean premixed combustion takes the major position while more NO is generated due to rapid heat release of the premixed mixtures. At the moment of 90% heat release (), NO emission is decreased due to the low temperature in the cylinder. Soot generation is increased initially and later decreased due to the extended combustion space and higher premixed combustion fraction. Therefore, a favorable trade-off between and PM emissions is well compromised in a diesel engine adopting a low-temperature premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) mode.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to express their appreciation for the funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51506101 and 51761145011), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), which supported this study, and the Key Research Program of Jiangsu Province SAT (BE2016139).
References
Colin, O., and A. Benkendia. 2004. “The 3-zones extended coherent flame model (ECFM-3Z) for computing premixed diffusion combustion.” Oil Gas Sci. Technol. 59 (6): 593–609. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst:2004043.
D’Ambrosio, S., and A. Ferrari. 2015. “Effects of exhaust gas recirculation in diesel engines featuring late PCCI type combustion strategies.” Energy Convers. Manage. 105 (17): 1269–1280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.08.001.
Dawson, M., D. Borman, R. B. Hammond, and R. Barzegar. 2014. “Moving boundary models for the growth of crystalline deposits from undetected leakages of industrial process liquors.” Comput. Chem. Eng. 71: 331–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2014.08.011.
Dhal, G. C., D. Mohan, and R. Prasad. 2017. “Preparation and application of effective different catalysts for simultaneous control of diesel soot and emissions: An overview.” Catal. Sci. Tech. 7 (9): 1803–1825. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CY02612E.
Fang, T., R. E. Coverdill, C. F. F. Lee, and R. A. White. 2009. “Influence of injection parameters on the transition from PCCI combustion to diffusion combustion in a small-bore HSDI diesel engine.” Int. J. Automot. Technol. 10 (3): 285–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-009-0033-1.
Gafoor, C. P. A., and R. Gupta. 2015. “Numerical investigation of piston bowl geometry and swirl ratio on emission from diesel engines.” Energy Convers. Manage. 101: 541–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.06.007.
Gunabalan, A., P. Tamilporai, and R. Ramaprabhu. 2010. “Effects of injection timing and EGR on DI diesel engine performance and emission-using CFD.” J. Appl. Sci. 10 (22): 2823–2830. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2010.2823.2830.
Hasegawa, R., and H. Yanagihara. 2003. HCCI combustion in DI diesel engine. Warrendale, PA: SAE International.
Henein, N. A., A. Kastury, K. Natti, and W. Bryzik. 2008. Advanced low temperature combustion (ALTC): Diesel engine performance, fuel economy and emissions. Warrendale, PA: SAE International.
Huda, N., J. Naser, G. A. Brooks, M. A. Reuter, and R. W. Matusewicz. 2012. “Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation of submerged combustion behavior in a tuyere blown slag-fuming furnace.” Metall. Mater. Trans. B 43 (5): 1054–1068. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-012-9686-7.
Ishiyama, T., J. Kang, and Y. Ozawa. 2011. Improvement of performance and reduction of exhaust emissions by pilot-fuel-injection control in a lean-burning natural-gas dual-fuel engine. Warrendale, PA: SAE International.
Jafarmadar, S., S. Khalilarya, S. Shafee, and R. Barzegar. 2009. “Modeling the effect of spray/wall impingement on combustion process and emission of DI diesel engine.” Therm. Sci. 13 (3): 23–33. https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI0903023J.
Jochim, B., M. Korkmaz, and H. Pitsch. 2017. “Scalar dissipation rate based multi-zone model for early-injected and conventional diesel engine combustion.” Combust. Flame 175: 138–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.08.003.
Jung, D., and N. Iida. 2015. “Closed-loop control of HCCI combustion for DME using external EGR and rebreathed EGR to reduce pressure-rise rate with combustion-phasing retard.” Appl. Energy 138: 315–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.10.085.
Komninos, N. P., and C. D. Rakopoulos. 2016. “Heat transfer in HCCI phenomenological simulation models: A review.” Appl. Energy 181: 179–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.061.
Kosmadakis, G. M., D. C. Rakopoulos, and C. D. Rakopoulos. 2016. “Methane/hydrogen fueling a spark-ignition engine for studying NO, CO and HC emissions with a research CFD code.” Fuel 185: 903–915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.08.040.
Mancaruso, E., and B. M. Vaglieco. 2015. “Spectroscopic analysis of the phases of premixed combustion in a compression ignition engine fuelled with diesel and ethanol.” Appl. Energy. 143: 164–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.031.
Mei, D., S. Yue, X. Zhao, K. Hielscher, and R. Baar. 2016. “Combustion features under different center of heat release of a diesel engine using dimethyl carbonate/diesel blend.” Int. J. Green Energy 13 (11): 1120–1128. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2016.1188104.
Miles, P. C., D. Sahoo, and S. Busch. 2013. Pilot injection ignition properties under low-temperature, dilute in-cylinder conditions. Warrendale, PA: SAE International.
Mobasheri, R., Z. J. Peng, and S. M. Mirsalim. 2012. “Analysis the effect of advanced injection strategies on engine performance and pollutant emissions in a heavy duty DI-diesel engine by CFD modeling.” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 33 (1): 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2011.10.004.
Mueller, C. J., W. J. Cannella, J. T. Bays, T. J. Bruno, K. Defabio, and H. D. Dettman. 2016. “Diesel surrogate fuels for engine testing and chemical-kinetic modeling: Compositions and properties.” Energy Fuels 30 (2): 1445–1461. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02879.
Patil, K. R., and S. S. Thipse. 2015. “Experimental investigation of CI engine combustion, performance and emissions in DEE-kerosene-diesel blends of high DEE concentration.” Energy Convers. Manage. 89: 396–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.10.022.
Rakopoulos, D. C., C. D. Rakopoulos, E. G. Giakoumis, N. P. Komninos, G. M. Kosmadakis, and R. G. Papagiannakis. 2017. “Comparative evaluation of ethanol, n-butanol, and diethyl ether effects as biofuel supplements on combustion characteristics, cyclic variations, and emissions balance in light-duty diesel engine.” J. Energy Eng. 143 (2): 04016044. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000399.
Rakopoulos, D. C., C. D. Rakopoulos, and D. C. Kyritsis. 2016. “Butanol or DEE blends with either straight vegetable oil or biodiesel excluding fossil fuel: Comparative effects on diesel engine combustion attributes, cyclic variability and regulated emissions trade-off.” Energy 115: 314–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.09.022.
Renganathan, M., and R. T. K. Raj. 2013. “Numerical investigations of spray droplet parameters in a direct injection diesel engine using 3-Z extended coherent flame model.” Adv. Mater. Res. 768: 226–230. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.768.226.
Sharma, T. K., G. A. P. Rao, and K. M. Murthy. 2015. “Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines: A review.” Arch. Comput. Methods Eng. 23 (4): 623–657. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-015-9153-0.
Showry, K. B., and D. A. V. S. R. Raju. 2010. “Simulation of injection angles on combustion performance using multiple injection strategy in HSDI diesel engine by CFD.” Int. J. Eng. Technol. 2 (4): 234–239.
Tatschl, R., P. Priesching, and J. Ruetz. 2007. “Recent advances in DI-diesel combustion modeling in AVL FIRE—A validation study.” In Proc., Int. Multidimensional Engine Modeling User’s Group Meeting at the SAE Congress. Warrendale, PA: SAE International.
Turner, M. R., S. S. Sazhin, J. J. Healey, C. Crua, and S. B. Martynov. 2012. “A breakup model for transient diesel fuel sprays.” Fuel 97: 288–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.01.076.
Zhuang, J., X. Qiao, J. Bai, and Z. Hu. 2014. “Effect of injection-strategy on combustion, performance and emission characteristics in a DI-diesel engine fueled with diesel from direct coal liquefaction.” Fuel. 121 (4): 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.12.032.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 10, 2017
Accepted: Apr 11, 2018
Published online: Jul 6, 2018
Published in print: Oct 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Dec 6, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.