Utilization of a High-Alkali Lignite Coal Ash for Capture in Power Generation
Publication: Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 143, Issue 4
Abstract
This work explored the use of ashes of a low-sulfur, high-alkali lignite coal for partially capturing the sulfur dioxide emissions from combustion of a high-sulfur bituminous coal. The bituminous coal was mixed with the lignite ashes and then burned in a laboratory drop-tube furnace (DTF) externally heated to 1,400 K. The gas-phase emissions in the combustion effluents of the neat bituminous coal were monitored and compared with those of the bituminous coal mixed either with the lignite ashes or with other additive compounds, such as a specially prepared sorbent from the ash of the lignite coal or with calcium oxide (CaO). All experiments were executed at a molar in air, under fuel-lean conditions. Coal particles were in the size range of 75–90 μm. Results showed that the addition of lignite ashes caused substantial reductions, by up to 21% in the emissions of the bituminous coal. Such reduction was akin to that caused by burning the coal mixed with the CaO sorbent. Significant reduction in emission was also attained. This observation, in conjunction with ash analysis, showed that the alkali-rich ashes of the lignite coal acted as sulfur sorbents for the abundant emissions of the bituminous coal.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge help from Mr. Xiaohan Ren and Mr. Aidin Panahi in the experiments.
References
ACAA (American Coal Ash Association). (2004). “Coal combustion product (CCP) production and use survey.” American Coal Ash Association, Aurora, CO.
ACAA (American Coal Ash Association). (2010). “Coal combustion product (CCP) production and use survey report.” American Coal Ash Association, Aurora, CO.
Ahmaruzzaman, M. (2010). “A review on the utilization of fly ash.” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 36(3), 327–363.
Al-Shawabkeh, A., Maisuda, H., and Hasatani, M. (1995). “Comparative reactivity of treated FBC- and PCC-fly ash for removal.” Can. J. Chem. Eng., 73(5), 678–685.
ASTM. (2008). “Standard test method for ash in the analysis sample of coal and coke from coal.” ASTM D3174, West Conshohocken, PA.
Blissett, R., and Rowson, N. (2012). “A review of the multi-component utilisation of coal fly ash.” Fuel, 97, 1–23.
Davini, P. (1995). “Investigation of flue gas desulphurization by fly ash and calcium hydroxide mixtures.” Resour., Conserv. Recycl., 15(3), 193–201.
Davini, P. (1996). “Investigation of the adsorption properties of -fly ash systems.” Fuel, 75(6), 713–716.
Davini, P. (2002). “Flue gas treatment by activated carbon obtained from oil-fired fly ash.” Carbon, 40(11), 1973–1979.
Dewan, S. (2008). “Tennessee ash flood larger than initial estimate.” New York Times, Dec. 26.
ECCPA (European Coal Combustion Products Association). (2008). “Production and utilization of CCPs.” Europe.
Feuerborn, H.-J. (2005). “Coal ash utilisation over the world and in Europe.” Workshop on Environmental and Health Aspects of Coal Ash Utilization, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Kazanc, F., Khatami, R., Manoel Crnkovic, P., and Levendis, Y. A. (2011). “Emissions of and from coals of various ranks, bagasse, and coal-bagasse blends burning in and environments.” Energy Fuels, 25(7), 2850–2861.
Khatami, R., Stivers, C., Joshi, K., Levendis, Y. A., and Sarofim, A. F. (2012a). “Combustion behavior of single particles from three different coal ranks and from sugar cane bagasse in and atmospheres.” Combust. Flame, 159(3), 1253–1271.
Khatami, R., Stivers, C., and Levendis, Y. A. (2012b). “Ignition characteristics of single coal particles from three different ranks in and atmospheres.” Combust. Flame, 159(12), 3554–3568.
Külaots, I., Aarna, I., Callejo, M., Hurt, R. H., and Suuberg, E. M. (2002). “Development of porosity during coal char combustion.” Proc. Combust. Inst., 29(1), 495–501.
LabVIEW version 12.0f3 [Computer software]. National Instruments, Austin, TX.
Lee, K., Bhatia, S., Mohamed, A., and Chu, K. (2006). “Optimizing the specific surface area of fly ash-based sorbents for flue gas desulfurization.” Chemosphere, 62(1), 89–96.
Levendis, Y. A., Joshi, K., Khatami, R., and Sarofim, A. F. (2011). “Combustion behavior in air of single particles from three different coal ranks and from sugarcane bagasse.” Combust. Flame, 158(3), 452–465.
Lu, G., and Do, D. (1991). “Adsorption properties of fly ash particles for NOx removal from flue gases.” Fuel Process. Tech., 27(1), 95–107.
Manz, O. (1997). “Worldwide production of coal ash and utilization in concrete and other products.” Fuel, 76(8), 691–696.
Maroto-Valer, M. M., Taulbee, D. N., Schobert, H. H., Hower, J. C., and Andersen, J. (1999). “Use of unburned carbon in fly ash as precursor for the development of activated carbons.” Int. Ash Utilization Symp., Center for Applied Energy Research, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Ngashiman, N. A. N., and Kanda, O. (1993). “Operation results of the first commercial dry desulfurization plant in Hokkaido Electric Power Co. M. Nagashima.” Fuel and Energy Abstracts, 37(3), 226.
Organization. (2016). “Clean coal technologies.” Japan.
Rokni, E., Panahi, A., Ren, X., and Levendis, Y. A. (2016a). “Curtailing the generation of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions by blending and oxy-combustion of coals.” Fuel, 181, 772–784.
Rokni, E., Panahi, A., Ren, X., and Levendis, Y. A. (2016b). “Reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions by burning coal blends.” J. Energy Res. Technol., 138(3), 032204.
Rubel, A., Andrews, R., Gonzalez, R., Groppo, J., and Robl, T. (2005). “Adsorption of Hg and on coal by-products.” Fuel, 84(7), 911–916.
Ruscio, A., Kazanc, F., and Levendis, Y. A. (2016). “Comparison of fine ash emissions generated from biomass and coal combustion and valuation of predictive furnace deposition indices: A review.” J. Energy Eng., 142(2), .
Tsuchiai, H., Ishizuka, T., Ueno, T., Hattori, H., and Kita, H. (1995). “Highly active absorbent for removal prepared from coal fly ash.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 34(4), 1404–1411.
Vassilev, S. V., and Vassilev, C. G. (2005). “Methods for characterization of composition of fly ashes from coal-fired power stations: A critical overview.” Energy Fuels, 19(3), 1084–1098.
Vom Berg, W., and Feuerborn, H. (2001). “CCPs in Europe.” Proc., Clean Coal Day in Japan, ECOBA–European Coal Combustion Products Association, Essen, Germany.
Wall, T., et al. (2009). “An overview on oxyfuel coal combustion—State of the art research and technology development.” Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 87(8), 1003–1016.
Wang, S. (2008). “Application of solid ash based catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 42(19), 7055–7063.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 143 • Issue 4 • August 2017
Copyright
©2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 20, 2016
Accepted: Sep 12, 2016
Published online: Nov 16, 2016
Discussion open until: Apr 16, 2017
Published in print: Aug 1, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.