Prediction of NOx Emissions and Fuel Consumption of a City Bus under Real Operating Conditions by Means of Biharmonic Maps
Publication: Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 142, Issue 4
Abstract
The prediction of pollutant emissions and fuel consumption under real operating conditions of any motor vehicle requires the use of complex mathematical models and experimental tools. In the present research, biharmonic maps (BM) were used to predict NOx (nitrogen oxides) emissions and relative fuel–air ratio (Fr) of a passenger city bus. For the collection of experimental data, an instrumented city bus was tested during real passenger transportation. The data were classified into four dynamic sequences: acceleration, idling, deceleration with fuel consumption, and deceleration without fuel consumption. Among them, the acceleration sequence was selected due to high NOx emissions and high fuel consumption. Experimental results were in good agreement with BM predictions. Significant parameters for predicting NOx concentration were vehicle velocity and relative fuel–air ratio (Fr). While for predicting Fr, significant parameters were the exhaust gas flow (EGF) rate, vehicle velocity, and NOx concentration, BM is a good technique for predicting NOx emissions and Fr of a city bus under transient operation.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by (1) Castilla La Mancha Government to the project PAI 060-160 COMEDIA; (2) University of Castilla-La Mancha and Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia) through the “Programa de sostenibilidad 2014–2015” for financial support to Prof. Octavio Armas during his stay at Universidad de Antioquia; and (3) University of Castilla-La Mancha and The CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, for the graduate scholarship of W. O. Leite, process BEX: 12482/12-9. The authors also acknowledge the technical support provided by the company Iberconsa and the City Council of Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Published In
Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 142 • Issue 4 • December 2016
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 20, 2015
Accepted: Feb 1, 2016
Published online: Apr 7, 2016
Discussion open until: Sep 7, 2016
Published in print: Dec 1, 2016
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