Combined Energy Harvesting and Structural Health Monitoring Potential of Embedded Piezo-Concrete Vibration Sensors
This article has been corrected.
VIEW CORRECTIONThis article is a reply.
VIEW THE ORIGINAL ARTICLEPublication: Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 141, Issue 4
Abstract
Piezoelectric materials have proven their efficacy for both energy harvesting and structural health monitoring (SHM) individually. Piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) patches, operating in -mode, are considered best for SHM. However, for energy harvesting, built up configurations such as stack actuators are more preferred. The proposed study in this paper provides a proof-of-concept experimental demonstration of achieving both energy harvesting and structural health monitoring from the same PZT patch in the form of concrete vibration sensor (CVS), designed specifically for RC structures. This packaged sensor (CVS), composite in nature, has better compatibility with surrounding concrete and can withstand the harsh conditions encountered during construction. The paper covers experiments carried out in the laboratory environment to measure the voltage and the power generated by a CVS embedded in a life-sized simply-supported RC beam subjected to harmonic excitations. An analytical model is developed to compute the power output from the embedded CVS, duly considering the effect of the shear lag associated with the bonding layers between the encapsulated PZT sensor and the surrounding concrete. The performance of the CVS is compared with the surface-bonded PZT patch. Utilization of the same patch for SHM through a combination of the global vibration and the local electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) techniques is also covered. Harvesting potential of vibration energy by PZT sensors during idle time is experimentally demonstrated and extended to real-life structures based on the validated analytical model.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abdessemed, M., Kenai, S., Bali, A., and Kibboua, A. (2011). “Dynamic analysis of a bridge repaired by CFRP: Experimental and numerical modeling.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(3), 1270–1276.
Agilent Technologies. (2013). “Test and measurement catalogue.” 〈http://www.home.agilent.com/〉 (Oct. 1, 2013).
Aktan, A. E., Catbas, F. N., Grimmelsman, K. A., and Tsikos, C. J. (2000). “Issues in infrastructure health monitoring for management.” J. Eng. Mech., 711–724.
Analog Devices. (2013). 〈http://www.analog.com/en/index.html〉 (Oct. 1, 2013).
Anton, S. R., and Sodano, H. A. (2007). “A review of power harvesting using piezoelectric materials (2003–2006).” Smart Mater. Struct., 16(3), R1–R21.
Asheboa, D. B., Chana, T. H. T., and Yua, L. (2007). “Evaluation of dynamic loads on a skew box girder continuous bridge. Part II: Parametric study and dynamic load factor.” Eng. Struct., 29(6), 1064–1073.
Avitabile, P. (2001). “Experimental modal analysis—A simple non-mathematical presentation.” Sound and vibration, Univ. of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA.
Beeby, S. P., Tudor, M. J., and White, N. M. (2006). “Energy harvesting vibration sources for microsystems applications.” Meas. Sci. Technol., 17(12), R175–R195.
Bhalla, S. (2004). “A mechanical impedance approach for structural identification, health monitoring and non-destructive evaluation using piezo-impedance transducers.” Ph.D. dissertation, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological Univ., Singapore.
Bhalla, S., and Deb, S. K. (2011). “A cost-effective approach for traffic monitoring using piezo-transducers.” Exp. Tech., 35(5), 30–34.
Bhalla, S., and Soh, C. K. (2004a). “Electro-mechanical impedance modeling for adhesively bonded piezo-transducers”, J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 15(12), 955–972.
Bhalla, S., and Soh, C. K. (2004b). “High frequency piezoelectric signatures for diagnosis of seismic/blast induced structural damages.” NDT&E Int., 37(1), 23–33.
Bhalla, S., Vittal, A. P. R., and Veljkovic, M. (2012). “Piezo-impedance transducers for residual fatigue life assessment of bolted steel joints.” Struct. Health Monit. Int. J., 11(6), 733–750.
Chopra, A. K. (1995). Dynamics of structures, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, India, 108–121.
duToit, N. E., Wardle, B. L., and Kim, S. G. (2005). “Design considerations for MEMS-scale piezoelectric mechanical vibration energy harvesters.” Integr. Ferroelectr., 71(1), 121–160.
Goldfarb, M., and Jones, L. D. (1999). “On the efficiency of electric power generation with piezoelectric ceramic.” J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control, 121(3), 566–571.
Kaur, N., and Bhalla, S. (2014). “Feasibility of energy harvesting from thin piezo patches via axial strain actuation mode.” J. Civ. Struct. Health Monit., 4(1), 1–15, in press.
Kim, C. W., Kawatani, M., and Hwang, W. S. (2004). “Reduction of traffic-induced vibration of two-girder steel bridge seated on elastomeric bearings.” Eng. Struct., 26(14), 2185–2195.
Kim, S., Clark, W. W., and Wang, Q. M. (2005). “Piezoelectric energy harvesting with a clamped circular plate: Analysis.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 16(10), 847–854.
Lee, S. Y., and Yhim, S. S. (2005). “Dynamic behaviour of long-span box girder bridges subjected to moving loads: Numerical analysis and experimental verification.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 42(18–19), 5021–5035.
Lu, F., Lee, H. P., and Lim, S. P. (2004). “Modelling and analysis of micro piezoelectric power generators for micro electromechanical systems applications.” Smart Mater. Struct., 13(1), 57–63.
Mateu, L., and Moll, F. (2005). “Review of energy harvesting techniques and applications for microelectronics.” Proc., SPIE 5837, VLSI Circuits and Systems II, 359.
Moghimi, H., and Ronagh, H. R. (2008). “Development of a numerical model for bridge-vehicle interaction and human response to traffic-induced vibration.” Eng. Struct., 30(12), 3808–3819.
Moharana, S., and Bhalla, S. (2012). “Numerical investigation of shear lag effect on PZT—Structure integration: Review and applications.” Curr. Sci., 103(6), 685–696.
Pal, A. (2013). “Damage assessment using curvature mode shape.” M. Tech. thesis, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, India.
Pandey, A. K., Biswas, M., and Samman, M. M. (1991). “Damage detection from changes in curvature mode shapes.” J. Sound Vib., 145(2), 321–332.
Park, G., Cudney, H. H., and Inman, D. J. (2000). “Impedance-based health monitoring of civil structural components.” J. Infrastruct. Syst., 153–160.
PI Ceramic. (2013). “Product information catalogue.” 〈http://www.piceramic.de〉 (Oct. 1, 2013).
Priya, S. (2007). “Advances in energy harvesting using low profile piezoelectric transducers.” J. Electroceram., 19(1), 165–182.
Priya, S., and Inman, D. J. (2009). Handbook on energy harvesting technologies, Springer Science + Business Media Publications, Leeds, U.K.
Quazar Technologies. (2013). “Data acquisition systems.” 〈http://www.quazartech.com/〉 (Oct. 1, 2013).
Ramsey, M. J., and Clark, W. W. (2001). “Piezoelectric energy harvesting for bio MEMS applications.” Proc. SPIE, (4332), Newport Beach, CA, 29–438.
Ren, W. L., and Peng, X. L. (2005). “Baseline finite element modeling of a large span cable-stayed bridge through field ambient vibration tests.” Comput. Struct., 83(8–9), 536–550.
Roundy, S., and Wright, P. K. (2004). “A piezoelectric vibration based generator for wireless electronics.” Smart Mater. Struct., 13(5), 1131–1142.
Shanker, R. (2013). “Evaluation of miniature impedance chip AD5933 for structural health monitoring based on EMI technique.” M. Tech. thesis, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, India.
Shanker, R., Bhalla, S., and Gupta, A. (2010). “Integration of electro-mechanical impedance and global dynamic technique for improved structural health monitoring.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 21(3), 285–295.
Shanker, R., Bhalla, S., and Gupta, A. (2011). “Dual use of PZT patches as sensors in global dynamic and local EMI techniques for structural health monitoring.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 22(16), 1841–1856.
Sirohi, J., and Chopra, I. (2000). “Fundamental understanding of piezo electric strain sensors.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 11(4), 246–257.
Sodano, H., Inman, D. J., and Park, G. (2004a). “A review of power harvesting from vibration using piezoelectric materials.” Shock Vibr. Digest, 36(3), 197–205.
Sodano, H. A., Park, G., and Inman, D. J. (2004b). “Estimation of electric charge output for piezoelectric energy harvesting.” Strain, 40(2), 49–58.
Sohn, J. W., Choi, S. B., and Lee, D. Y. (2005). “An investigation on piezoelectric energy harvesting for MEMS power sources.” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C J. Mech. Eng. Sci., 219(4), 429–436.
SSDL. (2013). “Smart structures and dynamic laboratory.” 〈http://ssdl.iitd.ac.in/〉 (Oct. 1, 2013).
Talakokula, V., Bhalla, S., and Gupta, A. (2014). “Corrosion assessment of RC structures based on equivalent structural parameters using EMI technique.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 25(4), 484–500.
Talwar, G. (2011). “Development of low-cost SHM system for defense structures: Algorithm development.” M.Tech. thesis, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, India.
Tektronix Inc. (2013). 〈http://www.tek.com/oscilloscope/tds2000-digital-storage-oscilloscope〉 (Oct. 1, 2013).
Twiefel, J., Richter, B., Hemsel, T., and Wallaschek, J. (2006). “Model-based design of piezoelectric energy harvesting systems.” Proc., SPIE 6169, Smart Structures and Materials 2006: Damping and Isolation, 616909.
Zhou, Z., Wegner, L. D., and Sparling, B. F. (2007). “Vibration-based detection of small-scale damage on a bridge deck.” J. Struct. Eng., 1257–1267.
Zuo, D., Hua, J., and Landuyt, D. V. (2012). “A model of pedestrian-induced bridge vibration based on full-scale measurement.” Eng. Struct., 45, 117–126.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 16, 2014
Accepted: Jul 7, 2014
Published online: Aug 20, 2014
Discussion open until: Jan 20, 2015
Published in print: Dec 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.