Technical Papers
Aug 30, 2021

Experimental Characterization of Frictional Line Contact by Digital Image Correlation and Inverse Method

Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 147, Issue 11

Abstract

Line contact usually causes stress concentration, resulting in the wear and failure of materials and structures. The characterization of the contact phenomenon thus plays an important role in the safety evaluation of materials and structures. In this paper, an inverse method is developed that can identify the principal parameters in contact by employing the experimentally measured displacements and mathematical optimization. Basing on the contact theory, the relationship between the contact parameters and displacements on the interface is modeled. The parameters are then inversed by matching the modeled displacements to the experimentally measured data through optimization. Only the displacements on the surface of the contact member are required in this method, which can be easily measured by a segmentation-aided digital image correlation approach. By utilizing the proposed method, the contact between a cylinder and a plate is characterized and the variations of the contact parameters associated with the applied loads and cylinder’s radius are discussed. Error estimation is carried out by implementing the proposed method with the finite element simulated data. Results show that the proposed method can provide reliable identification results under the influence of different kinds of disturbances.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Data Availability Statement

All data, models, and code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Acknowledgments

This research work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant Nos. 11902196 and 11732009, and the supports are gratefully acknowledged.

References

Anoopnath, P., V. Suresh Babu, and A. Vishwanath. 2018. “Hertz contact stress of deep groove ball bearing.” Mater. Today Proc. 5 (2): 3283–3288.
Bae, S. M., K. J. Seo, and D. E. Kim. 2020. “Effect of friction on the contact stress of a coated polymer gear.” Friction 8 (6): 1169–1177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0363-6.
Bonnet, M., and A. Constantinescu. 2005. “Inverse problems in elasticity.” Inverse Probl. 21 (2): R1–R50. https://doi.org/10.1088/0266-5611/21/2/R01.
Heirani, H., and K. Farhangdoost. 2017. “Predicting depth and path of subsurface crack propagation at gear tooth flank under cyclic contact loading.” J. Solid Mech. 9 (3): 587–598.
Hernandez, J. A., and I. L. Al-Qadi. 2016. “Hyperelastic modeling of wide-base tire and prediction of its contact stresses.” J. Eng. Mech. 142 (2): 04015084. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001007.
Hwang, S.-C., J.-H. Lee, D.-H. Lee, S.-H. Han, and K.-H. Lee. 2013. “Contact stress analysis for a pair of mating gears.” Math. Comput. Modell. 57 (1): 40–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2011.06.055.
Johnson, K. L. 1987. Contact mechanics. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Jyothirmai, S., R. Ramesh, T. Swarnalatha, and D. Renuka. 2014. “A finite element approach to bending, contact and fatigue stress distribution in helical gear systems.” Proc. Mater. Sci. 6 (1): 907–918.
Kane, B. J., M. R. Cutkosky, and G. T. A. Kovacs. 2000. “A traction stress sensor array for use in high-resolution robotic tactile imaging.” J. Microelectromech. Syst. 9 (4): 425–434. https://doi.org/10.1109/84.896763.
Khaleghian, S., A. Emami, M. Tehrani, and N. Soltani. 2013. “Analysis of effective parameters for stress intensity factors in the contact problem between an asymmetric wedge and a half-plane using an experimental method of photoelasticity.” Mater. Des. 43 (Sep): 447–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.07.038.
Li, Q., and L. Xie. 2020. “Analysis and optimization of tooth surface contact stress of gears with tooth profile deviations, meshing errors and lead crowning modifications based on finite element method and Taguchi method.” Metals 10 (10): 1370. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10101370.
Li, S. 2007. “Finite element analyses for contact strength and bending strength of a pair of spur gears with machining errors, assembly errors and tooth modifications.” Mech. Mach. Theory 42 (1): 88–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2006.01.009.
Li, S. 2015. “Effects of misalignment error, tooth modifications and transmitted torque on tooth engagements of a pair of spur gears.” Mech. Mach. Theory 83 (Jan): 125–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2014.09.011.
Li, S.-X., Y.-S. Su, X.-D. Shu, and J.-J. Chen. 2017. “Microstructural evolution in bearing steel under rolling contact fatigue.” Wear 380–381 (Jun): 146–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2017.03.018.
Li, W., S. Deng, and B. Liu. 2020. “Experimental study on the influence of different carburized layer depth on gear contact fatigue strength.” Eng. Fail. Anal. 107 (Jan): 104225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.104225.
Liu, H., H. Liu, C. Zhu, H. He, and P. Wei. 2018. “Evaluation of contact fatigue life of a wind turbine gear pair considering residual stress.” J. Tribol. 140 (4): 041102. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4039164.
Masoudi Nejad, R., M. Shariati, and K. Farhangdoost. 2016. “Effect of wear on rolling contact fatigue crack growth in rails.” Tribol. Int. 94 (Feb): 118–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2015.08.035.
Meymand, S. Z., A. Keylin, and M. Ahmadian. 2016. “A survey of wheel-rail contact models for rail vehicles.” Veh. Syst. Dyn. 54 (3): 386–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2015.1137956.
Mulliken, A., and M. Boyce. 2006. “Mechanics of the rate-dependent elastic-plastic deformation of glassy polymers from low to high strain rates.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 43 (5): 1331–1356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.04.016.
Pan, B. 2018. “Digital image correlation for surface deformation measurement: Historical developments, recent advances and future goals.” Meas. Sci. Technol. 29 (8): 082001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aac55b.
Pan, B., K. Qian, H. Xie, and A. Asundi. 2009. “Two-dimensional digital image correlation for in-plane displacement and strain measurement: A review.” Meas. Sci. Technol. 20 (6): 062001. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/20/6/062001.
Patil, S. S., S. Karuppanan, and I. Atanasovska. 2015. “Contact stress evaluation of involute gear pairs, including the effects of friction and helix angle.” J Tribol. 137 (4): 1373–1374. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4030242.
Patil, S. S., S. Karuppanan, I. Atanasovska, and A. A. Wahab. 2014. “Contact stress analysis of helical gear pairs, including frictional coefficients.” Int. J. Mech. Sci. 85 (Aug): 205–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2014.05.013.
Petrov, E. P., and D. J. Ewins. 2005. “Effects of damping and varying contact area at blade-disk joints in forced response analysis of bladed disk assemblies.” J. Turbomach. 128 (2): 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2181998.
Qin, W., and C. Guan. 2014. “An investigation of contact stresses and crack initiation in spur gears based on finite element dynamics analysis.” Int. J. Mech. Sci. 83 (Jun): 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2014.03.035.
Rycerz, P., A. Olver, and A. Kadiric. 2017. “Propagation of surface initiated rolling contact fatigue cracks in bearing steel.” Int. J. Fatigue 97 (Apr): 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.12.004.
Scheibert, J., A. Prevost, G. Debrégeas, E. Katzav, and M. Adda-Bedia. 2009. “Stress field at a sliding frictional contact: Experiments and calculations.” J. Mech. Phys. Solids 57 (12): 1921–1933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2009.08.008.
Shebani, A., and S. Iwnicki. 2018. “Prediction of wheel and rail wear under different contact conditions using artificial neural networks.” Wear 406 (Jul): 173–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2018.01.007.
Spitas, V., G. A. Papadopoulos, C. Spitas, and T. Costopoulos. 2011. “Experimental investigation of load sharing in multiple gear tooth contact using the stress-optical method of caustics.” Strain 47 (1): 227–233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.2008.00558.x.
Srivastava, J. P., P. K. Sarkar, and V. Ranjan. 2014. “Contact stress analysis in wheel-rail by Hertzian method and finite element method.” J. Inst. Eng. 95 (4): 319–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-014-0145-x.
Sun, C., Y. Zhou, J. Chen, and H. Miao. 2015. “Measurement of deformation close to contact interface using digital image correlation and image segmentation.” Exp. Mech. 55 (8): 1525–1536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-015-0055-8.
Sun, C., Y. Zhou, J. Chen, and H. Miao. 2017. “Modeling and experimental identification of contact pressure and friction for the analysis of non-conforming elastic contact.” Int. J. Mech. Sci. 133 (Nov): 449–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2017.09.007.
Turner, D. Z. 2015. “Peridynamics-based digital image correlation algorithm suitable for cracks and other discontinuities.” J. Eng. Mech. 141 (2): 04014115. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000831.
Ugray, Z., L. Lasdon, J. Plummer, F. Glover, J. Kelly, and R. Martí. 2007. “Scatter search and local NLP solvers: A multistart framework for global optimization.” INFORMS J. Comput. 19 (3): 328–340. https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.1060.0175.
Wang, H., I. L. Al-Qadi, and I. Stanciulescu. 2014. “Effect of surface friction on tire-pavement contact stresses during vehicle maneuvering.” J. Eng. Mech. 140 (4): 04014001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000691.
Wang, J., D. Qin, and T. C. Lim. 2011. “Influence of combined assembly error and bearing elasticity on spur gear tooth contact load distribution.” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. 225 (6): 1507–1521. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954406211399212.
Weisz-Patrault, D., A. Ehrlacher, and N. Legrand. 2011. “A new sensor for the evaluation of contact stress by inverse analysis during steel strip rolling.” J. Mater. Process. Technol. 211 (9): 1500–1509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.03.025.
Weisz-Patrault, D., A. Ehrlacher, and N. Legrand. 2013. “Evaluation of contact stress during rolling process, by three dimensional analytical inverse method.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 50 (20): 3319–3331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2013.06.005.
Weisz-Patrault, D., L. Maurin, N. Legrand, A. Ben Salem, and A. Ait Bengrir. 2015. “Experimental evaluation of contact stress during cold rolling process with optical fiber Bragg gratings sensors measurements and fast inverse method.” J. Mater. Process. Technol. 223 (Sep): 105–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.03.047.
Wen, Q., Q. Du, and X. Zhai. 2020. “Analytical calculation of the tooth surface contact stress of spur gear pairs with misalignment errors in multiple degrees of freedom.” Mech. Mach. Theory 149 (Jul): 103823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2020.103823.
Xu, X., Y. Su, Y. Cai, T. Cheng, and Q. Zhang. 2015. “Effects of various shape functions and subset size in local deformation measurements using DIC.” Exp. Mech. 55 (8): 1575–1590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-015-0054-9.
Yue, T., and M. Abdel Wahab. 2017. “Finite element analysis of fretting wear under variable coefficient of friction and different contact regimes.” Tribol. Int. 107 (Mar): 274–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2016.11.044.
Zhong-Yu, P., X. Bin-Shi, W. Hai-Dou, and Y. Xiao-Xiao. 2019. “Rolling contact fatigue behavior of thermal-sprayed coating: A review.” Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 45 (6): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2019.1671798.
Zhu, H., Z. He, Y. Zhao, and S. Ma. 2017. “Experimental verification of yield strength of polymeric line contact structures.” Polym. Test. 63 (Oct): 118–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.08.012.
Zhu, R., H. Xie, Z. Hu, L. Jiang, B. Guo, and C. Li. 2015. “Performances of different subset shapes and control points in subset-based digital image correlation and their applications in boundary deformation measurement.” Appl. Opt. 54 (6): 1290–1301. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.001290.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 147Issue 11November 2021

History

Received: Mar 8, 2021
Accepted: Jul 22, 2021
Published online: Aug 30, 2021
Published in print: Nov 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Jan 30, 2022

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Q. Lin
Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Engineering Mechanics, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai 200240, China.
Lecturer, Dept. of Engineering Mechanics, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai 200240, China (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-4008. Email: [email protected]
J. Chen
Professor, Dept. of Engineering Mechanics, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ., Shanghai 200240, China.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share