Technical Papers
Jul 9, 2020

Analytical Study of Employing Low-Strain Lateral Pile Integrity Test on a Defective Extended Pile Shaft

Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 146, Issue 9

Abstract

The lateral pile integrity test (LPIT) method, a low-strain nondestructive test technique, is employed in this paper to evaluate the integrity of an extended pile shaft supporting superstructure. An extended pile shaft with various defects is simulated by a Timoshenko beam (TB) model, and the lateral soil resistance is generalized as a beam-on-dynamic-Winkler-foundation (BDWF) model. The pile–soil model and presented solution are verified by rigorous finite-element analysis (FEA). The effects of pile defect and technical aspects of the LPIT method on the pile dynamic response are then investigated, and a practical method is proposed as well to evaluate the potential defect of an extended pile shaft on site. By comparing the actual arrival time of the pile toe reflection with the calibration value, it is possible to determine the type (stiff or weak) and extent (length or total length) of the pile defect.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Data Availability Statement

All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the submitted article.

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51378464, 51579217, and 51779217).

References

Achenbach, J. 2012. Vol. 16 of Wave propagation in elastic solids. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
Ai, Z. Y., and Z. X. Li. 2015. “Dynamic analysis of a laterally loaded pile in a transversely isotropic multilayered half-space.” Eng. Anal. Boundary Elem. 54 (May): 68–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2015.01.008.
Ai, Z. Y., Z. X. Li, and L. H. Wang. 2016. “Dynamic response of a laterally loaded fixed-head pile group in a transversely isotropic multilayered half-space.” J. Sound Vib. 385 (Dec): 171–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2016.09.016.
Davis, A. G. 1995. “Nondestructive evaluation of existing deep foundations.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil 9 (1): 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(1995)9:1(57).
Doshi, C. 1979. “On the analysis of the Timoshenko beam theory with and without internal damping.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology.
El Naggar, M. H. 1997. “Horizontal and rotational impedances for radially inhomogeneous soil media.” Can. Geotech. J. 34 (3): 408–420. https://doi.org/10.1139/t97-011.
El Naggar, M. H., and M. Novak. 1995. “Nonlinear lateral interaction in pile dynamics.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 14 (2): 141–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/0267-7261(94)00028-F.
El Naggar, M. H., and M. Novak. 1996. “Nonlinear analysis for dynamic lateral pile response.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 15 (4): 233–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/0267-7261(95)00049-6.
Gao, L., K. Wang, J. Wu, S. Xiao, and N. Wang. 2017. “Analytical solution for the dynamic response of a pile with a variable-section interface in low-strain integrity testing.” J. Sound Vib. 395 (May): 328–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2017.02.037.
Gazetas, G., and R. Dobry. 1984. “Horizontal response of piles in layered soils.” J. Geotech. Eng. 110 (1): 20–40. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1984)110:1(20).
Heidari, M., and H. El Naggar. 2017. “Analytical expression for plastic hinge length in extended pile shafts.” In Proc., 42th Annual Conf. on Deep Foundations. Hawthorne, NJ: Deep Foundations Institute.
Heidari, M., and M. Hesham El Naggar. 2018. “Analytical approach for seismic performance of extended pile-shafts.” J. Bridge Eng. 23 (10): 04018069. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001272.
Li, L., W. Wu, M. H. El Naggar, G. Mei, and R. Liang. 2019. “DEM analysis of the sand plug behavior during the installation process of open-ended pile.” Comput. Geotech. 109 (May): 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.01.014.
Liao, S. T., J. H. Tong, C. H. Chen, and T. T. Wu. 2006. “Numerical simulation and experimental study of parallel seismic test for piles.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 43 (7–8): 2279–2298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.03.057.
Liu, H., W. Wu, G. Jiang, M. H. El Naggar, G. Mei, and R. Liang. 2019. “Benefits from using two receivers for the interpretation of low-strain integrity tests on pipe piles.” Can. Geotech. J. 56 (10): 1433–1447. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0406.
Makris, N., and G. Gazetas. 1993. “Displacement phase differences in a harmonically oscillating pile.” Géotechnique 43 (1): 135–150. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1993.43.1.135.
Mylonakis, G., and G. Gazetas. 1999. “Lateral vibration and internal forces of grouped piles in layered soil.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 125 (1): 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:1(16).
Novak, M. 1974. “Dynamic stiffness and damping of piles.” Can. Geotech. J. 11 (4): 574–598. https://doi.org/10.1139/t74-059.
Sack, D. A., S. H. Slaughter, and L. D. Olson. 2004. “Combined measurement of unknown foundation depths and soil properties with nondestructive evaluation methods.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1868 (1): 76–80. https://doi.org/10.3141/1868-08.
Samuels, J. C., and A. C. Eringen. 1957. Response of a simply supported Timoshenko beam to a purely random Gaussian process. Lafayette, IN: Purdue Univ. Lafayette.
Timoshenko, S. 1983. History of strength of materials: With a brief account of the history of theory of elasticity and theory of structures. Chelmsford, MA: Courier Corporation.
Timoshenko, S. P. 1921. “LXVI. On the correction for shear of the differential equation for transverse vibrations of prismatic bars.” London Edinburgh Dublin Philos. Mag. J. Sci. 41 (245): 744–746. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786442108636264.
Wang, K., W. Wu, Z. Zhang, and C. J. Leo. 2010. “Vertical dynamic response of an inhomogeneous viscoelastic pile.” Comput. Geotech. 37 (4): 536–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2010.03.001.
Weaver, W., Jr., S. P. Timoshenko, and D. H. Young. 1990. Vibration problems in engineering. New York: Wiley.
Wu, J., M. H. El Naggar, K. Wang, and W. Wu. 2019a. “Lateral vibration characteristics of an extended pile shaft under low-strain integrity test.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 126 (Nov): 105812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105812.
Wu, J., K. Wang, and M. H. El Naggar. 2019b. “Dynamic response of a defect pile in layered soil subjected to longitudinal vibration in parallel seismic integrity testing.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 121 (Jun): 168–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.03.010.
Wu, J., K. Wang, and M. H. El Naggar. 2019c. “Dynamic soil reactions around pile-fictitious soil pile coupled model and its application in parallel seismic method.” Comput. Geotech. 110 (Jun): 44–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.02.011.
Wu, J., K. Wang, and M. H. El Naggar. 2019d. “Half-space dynamic soil model excited by known longitudinal vibration of a defective pile.” Comput. Geotech. 112 (Aug): 403–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.05.006.
Wu, J. T., K. H. Wang, L. Gao, and S. Xiao. 2019e. “Study on longitudinal vibration of a pile with variable sectional acoustic impedance by integral transformation.” Acta Geotech. 14 (6): 1857–1870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-018-0732-8.
Wu, W., H. Liu, X. Yang, G. Jiang, M. H. El Naggar, G. Mei, and R. Liang. 2020. “New method to calculate the apparent phase velocity of open-ended pipe pile.” Can. Geotech. J. 57 (1): 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0816.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 146Issue 9September 2020

History

Received: Jul 13, 2019
Accepted: May 11, 2020
Published online: Jul 9, 2020
Published in print: Sep 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Dec 9, 2020

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Ph.D. Candidate, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou 310058, China. Email: [email protected]
M. Hesham El Naggar, F.ASCE [email protected]
Professor, Geotechnical Research Centre, Univ. of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B9. Email: [email protected]
Professor, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou 310058, China (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9362-0326. Email: [email protected]
Ph.D. Candidate, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou 310058, China. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share