Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements of Bed-Shear Stress Induced By Wall-Bounded Swirling Jets
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 146, Issue 6
Abstract
This study presents measurements of the bed shear stress associated with the three-dimensional boundary layer induced by a wall-bounded swirling jet. The velocity profile within the viscous sublayer was measured in detail using a high-resolution particle image velocimetry system that enables direct evaluation of the bed shear stress from the velocity gradient at the wall. The three-dimensional flow field was reconstructed based on the measurements conducted in a series of intersecting streamwise and transverse planes. At each intersection, the resultant bed shear stress was calculated as the vector sum of its components. The results show that the planar distribution of the bed shear stress is highly asymmetrical about the propeller axis due to the swirling rotation, which furnishes a description of how the jet path migrates over the plane boundary under the swirling effect. Compared with the expected scour hole that the swirling jet could induce on an erodible bed, the results presented in this study shed light on a qualitative understanding of the distinctive jet impingement mechanisms associated with rigid and erodible bed boundaries. Moreover, a close examination of the mean velocity distributions of both individual and resultant velocities reveals a consistent discrepancy from the universal logarithmic law in the log layer, in which the velocity distribution is subjected to outer layer bulk flow properties, thereby highlighting the evident difference in boundary layer flow between an impinging jet and canonical wall-bounded flows.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.
•
Experimental data used in Figs. 3–8.
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely thank Dr. Hsieh Shih-Chun for fruitful discussions and his contributions to the development of the PIV data processing algorithm.
References
Adrian, R. J., and J. Westerweel. 2011. Particle image velocimetry. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Beltaos, S. 1976. “Oblique impingement of circular turbulent jets.” J. Hydraul. Res. 14 (1): 17–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221687609499685.
Biron, P. M., C. Robson, M. F. Lapointe, and S. J. Gaskin. 2004. “Comparing different methods of bed shear stress estimates in simple and complex flow fields.” Earth Surf. Processes Landforms: J. Br. Geomorphological Res. Group 29 (11): 1403–1415. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1111.
Cheng, N. S. 2008. “Comparison of settling-velocity-based formulas for threshold of sediment motion.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 134 (8): 1136–1141. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:8(1136).
Chiew, Y. M., and S. Y. Lim. 1996. “Local scour by a deeply submerged horizontal circular jet.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 122 (9): 529–532. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1996)122:9(529).
Clauser, F. H. 1956. “The turbulent boundary layer.” In Advances in applied mechanics, edited by H. L. Dryden, and T. von Kármán, 1–51. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
Cowen, E., and S. Monismith. 1997. “A hybrid digital particle tracking velocimetry technique.” Exp. Fluids 22 (3): 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003480050038.
Dixit, S. A., and O. Ramesh. 2008. “Pressure-gradient-dependent logarithmic laws in sink flow turbulent boundary layers.” J. Fluid Mech. 615 (Nov): 445–475. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112008004047.
George, W. K. 2007. “Is there a universal log law for turbulent wall-bounded flows?” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 365 (1852): 789–806. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1941.
George, W. K. 2013. Lectures in turbulence for the 21st century. Gothenburg, Sweden: Chalmers Univ. of Technology.
Guan, D. W., Y. M. Chiew, M. X. Wei, and S. C. Hsieh. 2019. “Characterization of horseshoe vortex in a developing scour hole at a cylindrical bridge pier.” Int. J. Sediment Res. 34 (2): 118–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.07.001.
Hamill, G., H. Johnston, and D. Stewart. 1999. “Propeller wash scour near quay walls.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. 125 (4): 170–175. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1999)125:4(170).
Hamill, G., and C. Kee. 2016. “Predicting axial velocity profiles within a diffusing marine propeller jet.” Ocean Eng. 124 (Sep): 104–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.07.061.
Hong, J. H., Y. M. Chiew, and N. S. Cheng. 2013. “Scour caused by a propeller jet.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 139 (9): 1003–1012. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000746.
Hong, J. H., P. H. Yeh, and Y. M. Chiew. 2019. “Prediction of mean axial velocity of a free turbulent propeller jet.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 146 (3): 04019070. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001692.
Hsieh, S. C. 2008. “Establishment of high time-resolved PIV system and application on the characteristics of near-wake flow behind a circular cylinder.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Chung-Hsing Univ.
Hsieh, S. C., Y. M. Low, and Y. M. Chiew. 2016. “Flow characteristics around a circular cylinder subjected to vortex-induced vibration near a plane boundary.” J. Fluids Struct. 65 (Aug): 257–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2016.06.007.
Imayama, S., R. J. Lingwood, and P. H. Alfredsson. 2014. “The turbulent rotating-disk boundary layer.” Eur. J. Mech. B Fluids 48 (Nov): 245–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechflu.2014.03.009.
Itoh, M., and I. Hasegawa. 1994. “Turbulent boundary layer on a rotating disk in infinite quiescent fluid.” JSME Int. J. Ser. B 37 (3): 449–456. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb.37.449.
Kähler, C. J., S. Scharnowski, and C. Cierpka. 2012 “High resolution velocity profile measurements in turbulent boundary layers.” In Proc., 16th Int. Symp. Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics. New York: Begell House.
Kim, S. C., C. Friedrichs, J. Y. Maa, and L. Wright. 2000. “Estimating bottom stress in tidal boundary layer from acoustic Doppler velocimeter data.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 126 (6): 399–406. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2000)126:6(399).
Lam, W. H., G. A. Hamill, and D. J. Robinson. 2013. “Initial wash profiles from a ship propeller using CFD method.” Ocean Eng. 72 (Nov): 257–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.07.010.
Monkewitz, P. A. 2017. “Revisiting the quest for a universal log-law and the role of pressure gradient in “canonical” wall-bounded turbulent flows.” Phys. Rev. Fluids 2 (9): 094602. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.2.094602.
Schlichting, H., and K. Gersten. 2016. Boundary-layer theory. New York: Springer.
Wei, M. X. 2018. “Propeller jet flow and its associated scour hole around open quay structures.” Ph.D. thesis, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological Univ.
Wei, M. X., and Y. M. Chiew. 2017. “Influence of toe clearance on propeller scour around an open-type quay.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 143 (7): 04017012. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001303.
Wei, M. X., and Y. M. Chiew. 2019. “Impingement of propeller jet on a vertical quay wall.” Ocean Eng. 183 (Jul): 73–86. https://doi.org/10.wa1016/j.oceaneng.2019.04.071.
Wei, M. X., Y. M. Chiew, and D. W. Guan. 2018. “Temporal development of propeller scour around a sloping bank.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. 144 (5): 06018005. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000465.
Wei, M. X., Y. M. Chiew, and S. C. Hsieh. 2017. “Plane boundary effects on characteristics of propeller jets.” Exp. Fluids 58 (10): 141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-017-2425-8.
Wei, T., R. Schmidt, and P. McMurtry. 2005. “Comment on the Clauser chart method for determining the friction velocity.” Exp. Fluids 38 (5): 695–699. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-005-0934-3.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 24, 2019
Accepted: Jan 6, 2020
Published online: Apr 8, 2020
Published in print: Jun 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Sep 8, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.