Abstract

The main purpose of this paper is to find a suitable method for determining the in-plane shear characteristics of a type of “cellular metal” plain-woven stainless steel wire mesh. That no ready-made standard test exists for investigating the in-plane shear properties of the wire mesh must be noted. Two types of in-plane shear test methods that are normally used for shear tests of textile structures, that is, the bias-extension test and the picture-frame test, were conducted and employed in this work. To determine whether they can provide a pure and uniform shear region during a test, the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) approach is used as an auxiliary measurement of strain distribution for both methods. Based on the comparison and analysis of results from those two tests, a picture-frame test with a corners cut-off sample was found to be a more suitable method than a bias-extension test for determining the shear properties of the wire mesh. However, the bias-extension test can provide a simple and reliable method for determining the lock-angle of a wire mesh.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Mr. Patrick Nolan, Dr. Hongxu Wang, and Mr. Mark Dumbrell for assistance with the experimental tests. The financial support from the University of New South Wales (UNSW) and the China Scholarship Council (CSC) foundation is gratefully acknowledged.

References

ASTM. 2013. Standard test method for in-plane shear response of polymer matrix composite materials by tensile test of a ±45° laminate. ASTM D3518/D3518M. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Avril, S., and F. Pierron. 2007. “General framework for the identification of constitutive parameters from full-field measurements in linear elasticity.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 44 (14): 4978–5002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.12.018.
Blaber, J., B. Adair, and A. Antoniou. 2015. “Ncorr: Open-source 2D digital image correlation Matlab software.” Exp. Mech. 55 (6): 1105–1122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-015-0009-1.
Boisse, P., N. Hamila, E. Guzman-Maldonado, A. Madeo, G. Hivet, and F. dell’Isola. 2017. “The bias-extension test for the analysis of in-plane shear properties of textile composite reinforcements and prepregs: A review.” Int. J. Mater. Form. 10 (4): 473–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-016-1294-7.
Burger, W., and M. J. Burge. 2009. Principles of digital image processing: Fundamental techniques, 1–12. London: Springer.
Cao, J., et al. 2008. “Characterization of mechanical behavior of woven fabrics: Experimental methods and benchmark results.” Composites Part A 39 (6): 1037–1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.02.016.
Chalal, H., S. Avril, F. Pierron, and F. Meraghni. 2006. “Experimental identification of a nonlinear model for composites using the grid technique coupled to the virtual fields method.” Composites Part A 37 (2): 315–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.04.020.
Costa, S. C., H. Barrutia, J. A. Esnaola, and M. Tutar. 2013. “Numerical study of the pressure drop phenomena in wound woven wire matrix of a Stirling regenerator.” Energy Convers. Manage. 67 (Mar): 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.10.014.
Côté, F., V. Deshpande, and N. Fleck. 2007. “Shear fatigue strength of a prismatic diamond sandwich core.” Scr. Mater. 56 (7): 585–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.12.035.
d’Agostino, M. V., I. Giorgio, L. Greco, A. Madeo, and P. Boisse. 2015. “Continuum and discrete models for structures including (quasi-) inextensible elasticae with a view to the design and modeling of composite reinforcements.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 59 (May): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2014.12.014.
DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung). 2014. Fibre-reinforced plastic composites—Shear test method using a shear frame for the determination of the in-plane shear stress/shear strain response and shear modulus. DIN SPEC 4885. Berlin: DIN.
Erol, O., B. Powers, and M. Keefe. 2018. “A novel approach to investigate the effect of meso-scale yarn structure on the in-plane mechanical response of woven monofilament textiles by numerical modeling of experiments.” Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct. 25 (7): 548–558. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2017.1280203.
Ferretti, M., A. Madeo, F. dell’Isola, and P. Boisse. 2014. “Modeling the onset of shear boundary layers in fibrous composite reinforcements by second-gradient theory.” Z. für angewandte Math. Phys. 65 (3): 587–612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00033-013-0347-8.
Gatouillat, S., A. Bareggi, E. Vidal-Sallé, and P. Boisse. 2013. “Meso modelling for composite preform shaping–Simulation of the loss of cohesion of the woven fibre network.” Composites Part A 54 (Nov): 135–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.07.010.
Harrison, P., M. Clifford, and A. Long. 2004. “Shear characterisation of viscous woven textile composites: A comparison between picture frame and bias extension experiments.” Compos. Sci. Technol. 64 (10): 1453–1465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2003.10.015.
Harrison, P., J. Wiggers, and A. C. Long. 2008. “Normalization of shear test data for rate-independent compressible fabrics.” J. Compos. Mater. 42 (22): 2315–2344. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998308095367.
Härtel, F., and P. Harrison. 2014. “Evaluation of normalisation methods for uniaxial bias extension tests on engineering fabrics.” Composites Part A 67 (Dec): 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.08.011.
Hodgkinson, J. M. 2000. Mechanical testing of advanced fibre composites. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
ISO. 1997. Fibre-reinforced plastic composites—Determination of the in-plane shear stress/shear strain response, including the in-plane shear modulus and strength, by the ±45° tension test method. ISO 14129. Geneva: ISO.
ISO. 2016. Industrial woven wire cloth—Technical requirements and tests. ISO 9044. Geneva: ISO.
Kang, K.-J. 2015. “Wire-woven cellular metals: The present and future.” Prog. Mater Sci. 69 (Apr): 213–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2014.11.003.
Kraft, S. M. 2013. “Yield characteristics of a twill Dutch woven wire mesh via experiments and numerical modeling.” J. Appl. Mech. 80 (4): 041002. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4007793.
Kraft, S. M., and A. P. Gordon. 2011. “Characterization of the tensile behavior of a metallic fiber woven structure.” Text. Res. J. 81 (12): 1249–1272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517511398944.
Launay, J., G. Hivet, A. V. Duong, and P. Boisse. 2008. “Experimental analysis of the influence of tensions on in plane shear behaviour of woven composite reinforcements.” Compos. Sci. Technol. 68 (2): 506–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.06.021.
Lebrun, G., M. N. Bureau, and J. Denault. 2003. “Evaluation of bias-extension and picture-frame test methods for the measurement of intraply shear properties of PP/glass commingled fabrics.” Compos. Struct. 61 (4): 341–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(03)00057-6.
Lee, K. W., J.-S. Park, I. Jeon, and K.-J. Kang. 2013. “Equivalent material properties of a wire-woven cellular core.” Mech. Mater. 57 (Feb): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2012.10.005.
Lee, S., and M. Munro. 1986. “Evaluation of in-plane shear test methods for advanced composite materials by the decision analysis technique.” Compos. 17 (1): 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(86)90729-9.
Lee, W., J. Padvoiskis, J. Cao, E. De Luycker, P. Boisse, F. Morestin, J. Chen, and J. Sherwood. 2008. “Bias-extension of woven composite fabrics.” Int. J. Mater. Form. 1 (1): 895–898. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-008-0240-8.
Lee, Y.-H., and K.-J. Kang. 2009. “A wire-woven cellular metal: Part-I, optimal design for applications as sandwich core.” Mater. Des. 30 (10): 4434–4443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.03.017.
Lim, J.-H., and K.-J. Kang. 2006. “Mechanical behavior of sandwich panels with tetrahedral and Kagome truss cores fabricated from wires.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 43 (17): 5228–5246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.07.011.
Liu, Y., G. Xu, X. Luo, H. Li, and J. Ma. 2015. “An experimental investigation on fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of sintered woven wire mesh structures.” Appl. Therm. Eng. 80 (Apr): 118–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.01.050.
Madeo, A., G. Barbagallo, M. V. d’Agostino, and P. Boisse. 2016. “Continuum and discrete models for unbalanced woven fabrics.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 94 (Sep): 263–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2016.02.005.
McGuinness, G. B., and C. M. ÓBrádaigh. 1997. “Development of rheological models for forming flows and picture-frame shear testing of fabric reinforced thermoplastic sheets.” J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 73 (1–2): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0257(97)00040-2.
Page, J., and J. Wang. 2000. “Prediction of shear force and an analysis of yarn slippage for a plain-weave carbon fabric in a bias extension state.” Compos. Sci. Technol. 60 (7): 977–986. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(99)00198-0.
Peng, X. Q., J. Cao, J. Chen, P. Xue, D. S. Lussier, and L. Liu. 2004. “Experimental and numerical analysis on normalization of picture frame tests for composite materials.” Compos. Sci. Technol. 64 (1): 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00202-1.
Potluri, P., D. P. Ciurezu, and R. Ramgulam. 2006. “Measurement of meso-scale shear deformations for modelling textile composites.” Composites Part A 37 (2): 303–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.03.032.
Potter, K. 2002. “Bias extension measurements on cross-plied unidirectional prepreg.” Composites Part A 33 (1): 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(01)00057-4.
Prodromou, A., and J. Chen. 1997. “On the relationship between shear angle and wrinkling of textile composite preforms.” Composites Part A 28 (5): 491–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(96)00150-9.
Sodré, J. R., and J. A. R. Parise. 1997. “Friction factor determination for flow through finite wire-mesh woven-screen matrices.” J. Fluids Eng. 119 (4): 847–851. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2819507.
Souter, B. J. 2001. Effects of fibre architecture on formability of textile preforms. Nottingham, UK: Univ. of Nottingham.
Spivak, S., and L. Treloar. 1968. “The behavior of fabrics in shear Part III: The relation between bias extension and simple shear.” Text. Res. J. 38 (9): 963–971. https://doi.org/10.1177/004051756803800911.
Taha, I., Y. Abdin, and S. Ebeid. 2013. “Comparison of picture frame and Bias-Extension tests for the characterization of shear behaviour in natural fibre woven fabrics.” Fibers Polym. 14 (2): 338–344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-013-0338-6.
Wang, C., K. Shankar, and A. Fien. 2015. “Finite element simulation of impact response of wire mesh screens.” In Vol. 94 of Proc., EPJ Web of Conf., 04033. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences.
Wang, J., J. Page, and R. Paton. 1998. “Experimental investigation of the draping properties of reinforcement fabrics.” Compos. Sci. Technol. 58 (2): 229–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(97)00115-2.
Wu, W. T., J. F. Liu, W. J. Li, and W. H. Hsieh. 2005. “Measurement and correlation of hydraulic resistance of flow through woven metal screens.” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 48 (14): 3008–3017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.01.038.
Xavier, J., S. Avril, F. Pierron, and J. Morais. 2007. “Novel experimental approach for longitudinal-radial stiffness characterisation of clear wood by a single test.” Holzforschung 61 (5): 573–581. https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2007.083.
Xu, J., J. Tian, T. Lu, and H. Hodson. 2007. “On the thermal performance of wire-screen meshes as heat exchanger material.” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 50 (5): 1141–1154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.05.044.
Xu, J., and R. A. Wirtz. 2002. “In-plane effective thermal conductivity of plain-weave screen laminates.” IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Technol. 25 (4): 615–620. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAPT.2002.807993.
Zhang, Y., F. Sun, Y. Wang, L. Chen, and N. Pan. 2013. “Study on intra/inter-ply shear deformation of three dimensional woven preforms for composite materials.” Mater. Des. 49 (Aug): 151–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.02.025.
Zhao, X., G. Liu, M. Gong, J. Song, Y. Zhao, and S. Du. 2018. “Effect of tackification on in-plane shear behaviours of biaxial woven fabrics in bias extension test: Experiments and finite element modeling.” Compos. Sci. Technol. 159 (May): 33–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.02.016.
Zhao, Z., Y. Peles, and M. K. Jensen. 2013. “Properties of plain weave metallic wire mesh screens.” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 57 (2): 690–697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.10.055.
Zhu, D., B. Mobasher, A. Vaidya, and S. D. Rajan. 2013. “Mechanical behaviors of Kevlar 49 fabric subjected to uniaxial, biaxial tension and in-plane large shear deformation.” Compos. Sci. Technol. 74 (Jan): 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.10.012.
Zupan, M., V. S. Deshpande, and N. A. Fleck. 2004. “The out-of-plane compressive behaviour of woven-core sandwich plates.” Eur. J. Mech. A: Solids 23 (3): 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2004.01.007.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 146Issue 2February 2020

History

Received: Oct 11, 2018
Accepted: Jun 19, 2019
Published online: Dec 6, 2019
Published in print: Feb 1, 2020
Discussion open until: May 6, 2020

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Postdoctoral Research Associate, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing 100084, China (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4150-5801. Email: [email protected]
Senior Lecturer, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Univ. of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7383-1030. Email: [email protected]
Evgeny Morozov [email protected]
Professor, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Univ. of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. Email: [email protected]
Postdoctoral Researcher, Dept. of Engineering Science, Univ. of Oxford, Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9171-1515. Email: [email protected]
Lecturer, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Univ. of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share