Technical Papers
Jun 27, 2018

Generalized Proper Complex Gaussian Ratio Distribution and Its Application to Statistical Inference for Frequency Response Functions

Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 144, Issue 9

Abstract

The frequency response function governs many important processes. Defined as the quotients of the fast Fourier transform coefficients, frequency response functions can be modeled as ratio random variables in the complex domain. The circularly symmetric complex normal ratio distribution proposed previously is restricted to quantifying the uncertainties for the quotients of complex Gaussian random variables with zero mean. Such limitation motivates research to enlarge the group of probability distributions, allowing a wider scope of applicability. This study provides a theoretical proof for the closed-form of a generalized proper complex Gaussian ratio distribution using the principle of probability density transformation in tandem with an advanced integral technique. The equivalence between the distribution properties of complex ratio random variables and their counterparts in the real-valued domain is also proven. The generalized proper complex Gaussian ratio distribution is then used to infer the statistics of frequency response functions. Stochastic simulation and experimental study are used to demonstrate the goodness and efficiency of the proposed probabilistic model.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The National Key Research and Development Plan (No. 2016YFE0113400) is highly appreciated. Financial support to complete this study was also provided in part by Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51778203, 51408176, and 51778204) as well as the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Award No. JZ2017HGTB0205. The authors would like to thank Long Yang, Shi-Ze Cao, and Peng-Peng Wang, postgraduates at Hefei University of Technology, for their kind help in the experimental test. Constructive comments from anonymous reviewers are also gratefully acknowledged.

References

Antoni, J. 2006. “Leakage-free identification of FRF’s with the discrete time Fourier transform.” J. Sound Vibr. 294 (4): 981–1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2005.12.037.
Arora, V. 2015. “Direct structural damping identification method using complex FRFs.” J. Sound Vibr. 339: 304–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2014.08.040.
Au, S. K. 2017. Operational modal analysis: Modeling, Bayesian inference, uncertainty laws. Singapore: Springer.
Beck, J. L., and L. S. Katafygiotis. 1998. “Updating models and their uncertainties. I: Bayesian statistical framework.” J. Eng. Mech. 124 (4): 455–461. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1998)124:4(455).
Beck, J. L., and K. V. Yuen. 2004. “Model selection using response measurements: Bayesian probabilistic approach.” J. Eng. Mech. 130 (2): 192–203. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2004)130:2(192).
Chatzi, E. N., A. W. Smyth, and S. F. Masri. 2010. “Experimental application of on-line parametric identification for nonlinear hysteretic systems with model uncertainty.” Struct. Saf. 32 (5): 326–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2010.03.008.
Chen, J. B., and J. Li. 2005. “Dynamic response and reliability analysis of non-linear stochastic structures.” Probab. Eng. Mech. 20 (1): 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2004.05.006.
Devriendt, C., and P. Guillaume. 2008. “Identification of modal parameters from transmissibility measurements.” J. Sound Vibr. 314 (1–2): 343–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2007.12.022.
Esfandiari, A., F. Bakhtiari-Nejad, M. Sanayei, and A. Rahai. 2010. “Structural finite element model updating using transfer function data.” Comput. Struct. 88 (1): 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2009.09.004.
Furukawa, A., H. Otsuka, and J. Kiyono. 2006. “Structural damage detection method using uncertain frequency response functions.” Comput.-Aided Civ. Infrastruct. Eng. 21 (4): 292–305. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8667.2006.00436.x.
García-Palencia, A. J., and E. Santini-Bell. 2013. “A two-step model updating algorithm for parameter identification of linear elastic damped structures.” Comput.-Aided Civ. Infrastruct. Eng. 28 (7): 509–521. https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12012.
Goodman, R. 1963. “Statistical analysis based on a certain multivariate complex normal distribution (an introduction).” Ann. Math. Stat. 34 (1): 152–177. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177704250.
Hinkley, D. V. 1969. “On the ratio of two correlated normal random variables.” Biometrika 56 (3): 635–639. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/56.3.635.
Imregun, M., W. J. Visser, and D. J. Ewins. 1995. “Finite element model updating using frequency response function data: I. Theory and initial investigation.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 9 (2): 187–202. https://doi.org/10.1006/mssp.1995.0015.
Jensen, H. A., E. Millas, D. Kusanovic, and C. Papadimitriou. 2014. “Model-reduction techniques for Bayesian finite element model updating using dynamic response data.” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 279: 301–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2014.06.032.
Katafygiotis, L. S., and J. L. Beck. 1998. “Updating models and their uncertainties. II: Model identifiability.” J. Eng. Mech. 124 (4): 463–467. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1998)124:4(463).
Katafygiotis, L. S., and K. V. Yuen. 2001. “Bayesian spectral density approach for modal updating using ambient data.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 30 (8): 1103–1123. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.53.
Korhonen, P. J., and S. C. Narula. 1989. “The probability distribution of the ratio of the absolute values of two normal variables.” J. Stat. Comput. Simul. 33 (3): 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/00949658908811195.
Lee, R. Y., B. S. Holland, and J. A. Flueck. 1979. “Distribution of a ratio of correlated gamma random variables.” SIAM J. Appl. Math. 36 (2): 304–320. https://doi.org/10.1137/0136025.
Lee, U., and J. Shin. 2002. “A frequency response function-based structural damage identification method.” Comput. Struct. 80 (2): 117–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(01)00170-5.
Li, J., and J. B. Chen. 2006. “The probability density evolution method for dynamic response analysis of non-linear stochastic structures.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 65 (6): 882–903. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1479.
Lin, R. M., and J. Zhu. 2006. “Model updating of damped structures using FRF data.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 20 (8): 2200–2218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2006.05.008.
Link, R. J., and D. C. Zimmerman. 2015. “Structural damage diagnosis using frequency response functions and orthogonal matching pursuit: Theoretical development.” Struct. Control Health Monit. 22 (6): 889–902. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1720.
Maia, N. M. M., J. M. M. Silva, E. A. M. Almas, and R. P. C. Sampaio. 2003. “Damage detection in structures: From mode shape to frequency response function methods.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 17 (3): 489–498. https://doi.org/10.1006/mssp.2002.1506.
Mao, Z. 2012. “Uncertainty quantification in vibration-based structural health monitoring for enhanced decision-making capability.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Structural Engineering, Univ. of California.
Mao, Z., and M. D. Todd. 2012. “A model for quantifying uncertainty in the estimation of noise-contaminated measurements of transmissibility.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 28: 470–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2011.10.002.
Mao, Z., and M. D. Todd. 2013. “Statistical modeling of frequency response function estimation for uncertainty quantification.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 38 (2): 333–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.01.021.
Marsaglia, G. 1965. “Ratios of normal variables and ratios of sums of uniform variables.” J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 60 (309): 193–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1965.10480783.
Mathai, A. M. 1997. Jacobians of matrix transformations and functions of matrix argument. Singapore: World Scientific Publication.
Neeser, F. D., and J. L. Massey. 1993. “Proper complex random processes with applications to information theory.” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 39 (4): 1293–1302. https://doi.org/10.1109/18.243446.
Olhede, S. C. 2006. “On probability density functions for complex variables.” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 52 (3): 1212–1217.
Papadimitriou, C. 2004. “Optimal sensor placement methodology for parametric identification of structural systems.” J. Sound Vibr. 278 (4): 923–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2003.10.063.
Papadimitriou, C., and G. Lombaert. 2012. “The effect of prediction error correlation on optimal sensor placement in structural dynamics.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 28: 105–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2011.05.019.
Papadimitriou, C., and D. C. Papadioti. 2013. “Component mode synthesis techniques for finite element model updating.” Comput. Struct. 126: 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2012.10.018.
Pintelon, R., Y. Rolain, and W. Van Moer. 2003. “Probability density function for frequency response function measurements using periodic signals.” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 52 (1): 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2003.809097.
Prudnikov, A. P., Y. A. Bryuchkov, and O. I. Marichev. 1981. Integrals and series. II: Special functions. [In Russian.] Moscow: Nauka.
Ren, W. X., and W. H. Hu. 2009a. “Cable modal parameter identification. I: Theory.” J. Eng. Mech. 135 (1): 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2009)135:1(41).
Ren, W. X., and W. H. Hu. 2009b. “Cable modal parameter identification. II: Modal tests.” J. Eng. Mech. 135 (1): 51–61. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2009)135:1(51).
Schultz, T., M. Sheplak, and L. N. Cattafesta III. 2007. “Application of multivariate uncertainty analysis to frequency response function estimates.” J. Sound Vibr. 305 (1–2): 116–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2007.03.084.
Xu, Y. L., Q. Huang, S. Zhan, Z. Q. Su, and H. J. Liu. 2014. “FRF-based structural damage detection of controlled buildings with podium structures: Experimental investigation.” J. Sound Vibr. 333 (13): 2762–2775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2014.02.010.
Yan, W. J., and L. S. Katafygiotis. 2015a. “A novel Bayesian approach for structural model updating utilizing statistical modal information from multiple setups.” Struct. Saf. 52: 260–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2014.06.004.
Yan, W. J., and L. S. Katafygiotis. 2015b. “A two-stage fast Bayesian spectral density approach for ambient modal analysis. Part I: Posterior most probable value and uncertainty.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 54–55: 139–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2014.07.027.
Yan, W. J., and L. S. Katafygiotis. 2015c. “A two-stage fast Bayesian spectral density approach for ambient modal analysis. Part II: Mode shape assembly and case studies.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 54–55: 156–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2014.08.016.
Yan, W. J., and W. X. Ren. 2012. “Operational modal parameter identification from power spectrum density transmissibility.” Comput.-Aided Civ. Infrastruct. Eng. 27 (3): 202–217. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8667.2011.00735.x.
Yan, W. J., and W. X. Ren. 2015. “An enhanced power spectral density transmissibility (EPSDT) approach for operational modal analysis: Theoretical and experimental investigation.” Eng. Struct. 102: 108–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.08.009.
Yan, W. J., and W. X. Ren. 2016a. “Circularly-symmetric complex normal ratio distribution for scalar transmissibility function. Part I: Theory.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 80: 58–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2016.02.052.
Yan, W. J., and W. X. Ren. 2016b. “Circularly-symmetric complex normal ratio distribution for scalar transmissibility function. Part II: Probabilistic model and validation.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 80: 78–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2016.02.068.
Yan, W. J., and W. X. Ren. 2017. “Circularly-symmetric complex normal ratio distribution for scalar transmissibility function. Part III: Application to statistical modal analysis.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 98: 1000–1019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2017.05.029.
Yuen, K. V. 2010. Bayesian methods for structural dynamics and civil engineering. New York: Wiley.
Yuen, K. V., and L. S. Katafygiotis. 2003. “Bayesian fast Fourier transform approach for modal updating using ambient data.” Adv. Struct. Eng. 6 (2): 81–95. https://doi.org/10.1260/136943303769013183.
Yuen, K. V., L. S. Katafygiotis, and J. L. Beck. 2002. “Spectral density estimation of stochastic vector processes.” Probab. Eng. Mech. 17 (3): 265–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-8920(02)00011-5.
Zapico-Valle, J. L., R. Alonso-Camblor, M. P. González-Martínez, and M. García-Diéguez. 2010. “A new method for finite element model updating in structural dynamics.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 24 (7): 2137–2159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.03.011.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 144Issue 9September 2018

History

Received: Dec 26, 2016
Accepted: Mar 22, 2018
Published online: Jun 27, 2018
Published in print: Sep 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Nov 27, 2018

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Wang-Ji Yan [email protected]
Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Hefei Univ. of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 23009, People’s Republic of China. Email: [email protected]
Wei-Xin Ren [email protected]
Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Hefei Univ. of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 23009, People’s Republic of China (corresponding author). Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share