Effective Width of Insulated Sandwich Panels with Interior Flexible FRP Shear Connectors Considering Partial Degree of Composite Action
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 143, Issue 9
Abstract
Insulated sandwich panels consist of two layers of wythe separated by a foam insulation. In recent years, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have begun to be incorporated as shear connectors, because they have a lower thermal conductivity than steel and can significantly reduce thermal bridging. Until now, no effective guidelines exist for the design of these panels. Generally, they are treated as rectangular beams, which is not reasonable because the longitudinal stress over the wythe section is nonuniform resulting from the in-plane shear flexibility of the wythe, which is called the shear lag effect. The effective flange width has been used to describe the shear lag effect for a deck-on-girder composite beam system, reducing a three-dimensional behavior of the composite beam system to the analysis of a T-beam section with a reduced width of deck. This paper extends the concept of effective flange width to insulated concrete sandwich panels. A shear lag model is first developed to study the sandwich panel system, in which partial degree of composite action (DCA) owing to a flexible FRP shear connector is considered. The analytical model is then verified through close correlations between finite-element and analytical results for a concrete sandwich panel with FRP shear connectors. Finally, a parametric study was conducted using the analytical model.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dr. Wei Hong from Department of Aerospace Engineering at Iowa State University for his help and fruitful discussions.
References
ABAQUS [Computer software]. Dassault Systèmes, Providence, RI.
AISC. (2010). “Specification for structural steel buildings.”, Chicago.
Benayoune, A., Abdul Samad, A. A., Trikha, D. N., Abang Ali, A. A., and Ellinna, S. H. M. (2008). “Flexural behaviour of pre-cast concrete sandwich composite panel—Experimental and theoretical investigations.” Constr. Build. Mater., 22(4), 580–592.
Bradford, M. A. (2011). “On the interaction of partial interaction and shrinkage in composite steel-concrete T-beams.” Procedia Eng., 14, 396–401.
Chen, A., Norris, T. G., Hopkins, P. M., and Yossef, M. (2015). “Experimental investigation and finite element analysis of flexural behavior of insulated concrete sandwich panels with FRP plate shear connectors.” Eng. Struct., 98, 95–108.
Chen, A., and Yossef, M. (2016). “Analytical model for deck-on-girder composite beam system with partial composite action.” J. Eng. Mech., 04015087.
Cheung, M. S., and Chan, M. Y. T. (1978). “Finite strip evaluation of effective flange width of bridge girders.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 5(2), 174–185.
Einea, A., Salmon, D. C., Fogarasi, G. J., Culp, T. D., and Tadros, M. K. (1991). “State-of-the-art of precast concrete sandwich panels.” PCI J., 36(6), 78–98.
Einea, A., Salmon, D. C., Tadros, M. K., and Culp, T. (1994). “A new structurally and thermally efficient precast sandwich panel system.” PCI J., 39(4), 90–101.
Frankl, B. A., Lucier, G. W., Hassan, T. K., and Rizkalla, S. H. (2011). “Behavior of precast, prestressed concrete sandwich wall panels reinforced with CFRP shear grid.” PCI J., 56(2), 42–54.
Heins, C. P., and Fan, H. M. (1976). “Effective composite beam width at ultimate load.” J. Struct. Div., 102(11), 2163–2179.
Hopkins, P., Brown, K., Yossef, M., and Chen, A. (2014). “The effect of degree of composite action on flexural behavior of precast concrete sandwich panels.” 7th Int. Conf. on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, International Institute for FRP in Construction, Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, Canada, 1–6.
Kemmochi, K., Akasaka, T., Hayashi, R., and Ishiwata, K. (1980). “Shear-lag effect in sandwich panels with stiffeners under three-point bending.” J. Appl. Mech., 47(2), 383.
Lorenz, R. F., and Stockwell, F. W., Jr. (1984). “Concrete slab stresses in partial composite beams and girders.” Eng. J., 21(3), 185–188.
Newmark, N. M., Siess, C. P., and Viest, I. M. (1951). “Tests and analysis of composite beams with incomplete interaction.” Proc. Soc. Exp. Stress Anal., 9(1), 75–92.
Reissner, E. (1941). “Least work solutions of shear lag problems.” J. Aeronaut. Sci., 8(7), 284–291.
Reissner, E. (1946). “Analysis of shear lag in box beams by the principle of minimum potential energy.” Q. Appl. Math., 4(3), 268–278.
Salmon, D. C., and Einea, A. (1995). “Partially composite sandwich panel deflections.” J. Struct. Eng., 778–783.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 143 • Issue 9 • September 2017
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 13, 2016
Accepted: Mar 16, 2017
Published online: Jul 14, 2017
Published in print: Sep 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Dec 14, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.