Application of the Viscoelastic Continuum Damage Mechanics to Asphalt Mixtures under Indirect Tensile Load
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 141, Issue 5
Abstract
Traditional studies that applied the viscoelastic continuum damage (VECD) model to asphalt materials were mostly accompanied by uniaxial tests whose specimen size requirement provided challenges for mixtures cored from thin asphalt layers. In this paper, an analysis methodology is presented for determining the pseudostrains and damage characteristic curves of asphalt mixtures from both the horizontal (for tension) and vertical (for compression) axes of the indirect tension (IDT) specimen simultaneously. To validate this methodology, laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt specimens in the IDT mode. Complex modulus tests were conducted at various temperatures and frequencies to allow for the construction of a dynamic modulus master curve, which, in turn, was used to obtain the relaxation modulus. In addition, constant-crosshead strength tests were conducted at two temperatures (10 and 20°C) to evaluate the behavior of the asphalt specimens under growing damage. The results of the laboratory study revealed that the damage characteristic curve obtained for compression was located above its counterpart for tension. It also was found that the material showed more favorable damage characteristics at 10°C than at 20°C for both tension and compression and that the damage characteristic curves obeyed the time-temperature superposition principle, which is consistent with the uniaxial test results. These results indicate that the VECD model can be applied to the biaxial IDT test for characterizing tensile and compressive damage characteristic curves simultaneously.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
AASHTO. (2009). “Standard method of test for determining dynamic modulus of hot mix asphalt (HMA).” TP-62, Washington, DC.
AASHTO. (2011). “Standard method of test for determining the creep compliance and strength of hot mix asphalt (HMA) using the indirect tensile test device.” T-322, Washington, DC.
Asphalt Institute. (2001). “Superpave mix design.” Superpave Series No. 2 (SP-2), 3rd Ed., Lexington, KY.
Buttlar, W. G., and Roque, R. (1994). “Development and evaluation of the strategic highway research program measurement and analysis system for indirect tensile testing at low temperatures.” Transportation Research Record 1454, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 163–171.
Chehab, G. R., Kim, Y. R., Schapery, R. A., Witczak, M. W., and Bonaquist, R. (2002). “Time-temperature superposition principle for asphalt concrete with growing damage in tension state.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 71, 559–593.
Daniel, J. S., and Kim, Y. R. (2002). “Development of a simplified fatigue test and analysis procedure using a viscoelastic, continuum damage model.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 71, 619–650.
Findley, W. N., Lai, J. S., and Onaran, K. (1976). Creep and relaxation of nonlinear viscoelastic materials, Dover, New York.
Ha, K., and Schapery, R. A. (1998). “A three-dimensional viscoelastic constitutive model for particulate composites with growing damage and its experimental validation.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 35(26–27), 3497–3517.
Hondros, G. (1959). “The evaluation of Poisson’s ratio and the modulus of materials of a low tensile resistance by the Brazilian (indirect tensile) test with particular reference to concrete.” Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 10(3), 243–268.
Kim, J., and Koh, C. (2012). “Development of a predictive system for estimating fatigue life of asphalt mixtures using the indirect tensile test.” J. Transp. Eng., 1530–1540.
Kim, J., Roque, R., and Birgisson, B. (2005). “Obtaining creep compliance parameters accurately from static or cyclic creep tests.” Performance tests for hot mix asphalt (HMA) including fundamental and empirical procedures, ASTM special technical publication 1469, L. N. Mohammad, ed., ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, 177–197.
Kim, J., and West, R. C. (2010). “Application of the viscoelastic continuum damage model to the indirect tension test at a single temperature.” J. Eng. Mech., 496–505.
Kim, Y. R. (2009). Modeling of asphalt concrete, McGraw Hill, New York.
Kim, Y. R., Guddati, M. N, Underwood, B. S., Yun, T. Y., Subramanian, V., and Savadatti, S. (2009). “Development of a multiaxial viscoelastoplastic continuum damage model for asphalt mixtures.” FHWA-HRT-08-073, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.
Kim, Y. R., Seo, Y., King, M., and Momen, M. (2004). “Dynamic modulus testing of asphalt concrete in indirect tension mode.” Transportation Research Record 1891, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 163–173.
Lee, H.-J. (1996). “Uniaxial constitutive modeling of asphalt concrete using viscoelasticity and continuum damage theory.” Ph.D. thesis, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC.
Lee, H.-J., and Kim, Y. R. (1998). “Viscoelastic continuum damage model of asphalt concrete with healing.” J. Eng. Mech., 1224–1232.
Lee, H. S., and Kim, J. (2009). “Determination of viscoelastic Poisson’s ratio and creep compliance from the indirect tension test.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 416–425.
Lee, H. S., and Kim, J. (2011). “Backcalculation of dynamic modulus from resilient modulus test data.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 38(5), 582–592.
Lee, H. S., Kim, S., Choubane, B., and Upshaw, P. (2012). “Construction of dynamic modulus master curves with resilient modulus and creep test data.” Transportation Research Record 2296, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 1–14.
Park, S. W. (1994). “Development of a nonlinear themo-viscoelastic constitutive equation for particulate composites with growing damage.” Ph.D. thesis, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX.
Park, S. W., and Kim, Y. R. (2001). “Fitting Prony-series viscoelastic models with power-law presmoothing.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 26–32.
Park, S. W., Kim, Y. R., and Schapery, R. A. (1996). “A viscoelastic continuum damage model and its application to uniaxial behavior of asphalt concrete.” Mech. Mater., 24(4), 241–255.
Park, S. W., and Schapery, R. A. (1999). “Methods of interconversion between linear viscoelastic material functions. Part I—A numerical method based on Prony series.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 36(11), 1653–1675.
Roque, R., and Buttlar, W. G. (1992). “The development of a measurement and analysis system to accurately determine asphalt concrete properties using the indirect tensile mode.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 61, 304–332.
Roque, R., Buttlar, W. G., Ruth, B. E., Tia, M., Dickison, S. W., and Reid, B. (1997). “Evaluation of SHRP indirect tension tester to mitigate cracking in asphalt concrete pavements and overlays.” Final Rep. FDOT B-9885, Florida DOT, Gainesville, FL.
Schapery, R. A. (1975a). “A theory of crack initiation and growth in viscoelastic media. Part I: Theoretical development.” Int. J. Fract., 11(1), 141–159.
Schapery, R. A. (1975b). “A theory of crack initiation and growth in viscoelastic media. Part II: Approximate methods of analysis.” Int. J. Fract., 11(3), 369–388.
Schapery, R. A. (1975c). “A theory of crack initiation and growth in viscoelastic media. Part III: Analysis of continuous growth.” Int. J. Frcat., 11(4), 549–562.
Schapery, R. A. (1984). “Correspondence principles and a generalized integral for large deformation and fracture analysis of viscoelastic media.” Int. J. Fract., 25(3), 195–223.
Schapery, R. A. (1990). “A theory of mechanical behavior of elastic media with growing damage and other changes in structure.” J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 38(2), 215–253.
Schapery, R. A. (1991). “Analysis of damage growth in particulate composites using a work potential.” Compos. Eng., 1(3), 167–182.
Schapery, R. A., and Park, S. W. (1999). “Methods of interconversion between linear viscoelastic material functions. Part II—An approximate analytical method.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 36(11), 1677–1699.
Tschoegl, N. W. (1989). The phenomenological theory of linear viscoelastic behavior: An introduction, Springer, New York.
Wineman, A. S., and Rajagopal, K. R. (2000). Mechanical response of polymers: An introduction, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Zhang, W., Drescher, A., and Newcomb, D. E. (1997a). “Viscoelastic analysis of diametral compression of asphalt concrete.” J. Eng. Mech., 596–603.
Zhang, W., Drescher, A., and Newcomb, D. E. (1997b). “Viscoelastic behavior of asphalt concrete in diametral compression.” J. Transp. Eng., 495–502.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 141 • Issue 5 • May 2015
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 11, 2014
Accepted: Sep 3, 2014
Published online: Oct 1, 2014
Published in print: May 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.