Experimental Study of Subaqueous Sand Deposition from Slurry Wall Jets
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 140, Issue 2
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a laboratory study on the subaqueous deposition of sand particles from sediment-laden circular jets on horizontal and inclined beds. Four sets of experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of jet characteristics, bed slope, sediment size, and sediment concentration on the growth and development of the sediment mound. Three distinct flow regimes can be identified as developing regime, spreading regime, and backup regime. It was found that in the developing regime, deposition height and width formed by the continuous release of sediment particles grow faster than the mound length. Slurry jet flow in the spreading regime was diverted from the axial direction to the sides and caused more deposition on both sides of the mound. Backup regime started when the deposition height and width reached their maximum values. In this condition, a slurry jet pushed sediment back to the nozzle and eventually blocked the flow. The initiation of sediment deposition was estimated, and predictions were compared with experimental results. Variations of the deposition length scales, mound base area, and angle of deposition with time were measured. Empirical formulations were introduced to predict deposition development with time.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Allen, J. R. L. (1982). “Sedimentation from jets and separated flows.” Chapter 4, Sedimentary structures, their character and physical basis, Vol. 2, Elsevier Scientific, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 133–171.
AutoCAD [Computer software]. San Rafael, CA, Autodesk.
Azimi, A. H., Cai, J., Hall, N., Oshikawa, H., Zhu, D. Z., and Rajaratnam, N. (2011a). “Mound formation by slurry jets on a slope in a water pond.” 34th IAHR World Congress, Univ. of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 3346–3353.
Azimi, A. H., Zhu, D. Z., and Rajaratnam, N. (2011b). “Effect of particle size on the characteristics of sand jet in water.” J. Eng. Mech., 822–834.
Azimi, A. H., Zhu, D. Z., and Rajaratnam, N. (2012a). “Computational investigation of vertical slurry jets in water.” Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 47, 94–114.
Azimi, A. H., Zhu, D. Z., and Rajaratnam, N. (2012b). “Experimental study of sand jet front in water.” Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 40, 19–37.
Beuselinck, L., Govers, G., Steegen, A., and Hairsine, P. B. (1998). “Experiment on sediment deposition by overland flow.” Modeling Soil Erosion, Proc. of Sediment Transport and Closely Related Hydrological Processes, No. 249, IAHS Publishers, Oxfordshire, U.K., 91–96.
Bhuiyan, F., Rajaratnam, N., and Zhu, D. Z. (2010). “An experimental study of mounds formed by dumping coarse sediment in channel flow.” J. Hydraul. Res., 48(3), 283–291.
Breusers, H. N. C., Raudkivi, A. J., and International Association for Hydraulic Research. (1991). Scouring, Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Deshpande, N., Balachandar, R., and Mazurek, K. A. (2007). “Effects of submergence and test startup conditions on local scour by plane turbulent wall jets.” J. Hydraul. Res., 45(3), 370–387.
Eriksson, J. G., Johansson, B., and Lofdahl, L. (1991). “Flow visualization and turbulence measurements in a three-dimensional plane turbulent wall jet.” 1st European Fluid Mechanics Conf., Cambridge, U.K.
Gensheimer, R. J., III. (2010). “Dynamics of particle clouds in ambient currents with application to open-water sediment disposal.” M.Sc. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA.
Gu, J., Huang, J., and Li, C. W. (2008). “Experimental study on instantaneous discharge of unsorted particle cloud in cross-flow.” J. Hydrodyn. Ser. B, 20(1), 10–16.
Hoyal, D. C. J. D., et al. (2003). “Sedimentation from jets; A deposition model for classic depositions of all scales and environments.” AAPG Annual Meeting, ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, Houston.
Imran, J., Parker, G., and Harff, P. (2002). “Experiments on incipient canalization of submarine fans.” J. Hydraul. Res., 40(1), 21–32.
Julien, P. Y. (2010). Erosion and sedimentation, 2nd Ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
Launder, B. E., and Rodi, W. (1983). “The turbulent wall jet—Measurements and modeling.” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 15, 429–459.
Law, A. W.-K. and Herlina. (2002). “An experimental study on turbulent circular wall jets.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 161–174.
Lee, J. H., and Jirka, G. H. (1980). “Multiport diffuser as line source of momentum in shallow water.” Water Resour. Res., 16(4), 695–708.
Padmanabham, G., and Gowda, B. H. L. (1991). “Mean and turbulence characteristics of a class of three-dimensional wall jets—Part 1: Mean flow characteristics.” J. Fluids Eng., 113(4), 620–628.
Rajaratnam, N., and Mazurek, K. A. (2006). “An experimental study of sand deposition from sediment laden water jets.” J. Hydraul. Res., 44(4), 560–566.
Rajaratnam, N., and Pani, B. S. (1974). “Three-dimensional turbulent wall jets.” J. Hydr. Div., 100(1), 69–83.
Shields, D. H., Domaschuk, L., Corkal, D. W., and MacCutchon, J. R. (1984). “Controlling sand placement during the building of artificial islands.” Can. Geotech. J., 21(2), 371–375.
Souza, L. B. S., Schulz, H. E., Villela, S. M., Gulliver, J. S., and Souza, L. B. S. (2010). “Experimental study and numerical simulation of sediment transport in shallow reservoir.” J. Appl. Fluid Mech., 3(2), 9–21.
Sun, H. (2002). “Development of three-dimensional turbulent wall jets.” Ph.D. thesis, MacMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Syvitski, J. P. M., Skene, K. I., Nicholson, M. K., and Morehead, M. D. (1998). “Plume 1.1: Deposition of sediment from a fluvial plume.” Comput. Geosci., 24, 159–171.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 140 • Issue 2 • February 2014
Pages: 296 - 314
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 23, 2012
Accepted: May 6, 2013
Published online: May 8, 2013
Published in print: Feb 1, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.