Technical Papers
Dec 23, 2011

Pullout Capacity of Headed Anchors in Prestressed Concrete

Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 138, Issue 7

Abstract

A combined experimental and computational study shows that the pullout capacity of anchors embedded at small depths in prestressed concrete is associated with the strongest possible (linear elastic fracture mechanics) size effect. A design formula is proposed that reflects the effects of embedment depth and the nondimensional parameters that quantify the level of prestressing and the characteristic length of the matrix.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The experimental part of this research was carried out with the support of the Yucatan Decima concrete precast plant and its technical staff. The staff of the Laboratorio Prove Materiali of the Politecnico di Milano is also gratefully thanked. The writers express their gratitude to Professor L. Biolzi, Professor G. Rosati, and D. Spinelli for their valuable advice, constant encouragement, and tireless dedication, and Dr. P. Wawrzynek and Professor A. Ingraffea from Cornell University for their support in understanding and using their software.

References

American Concrete Institute (ACI). (1989). “Code requirements for nuclear safety.” Appendix B, ACI 349.1R, ACI, Detroit.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2006). “Code requirements for nuclear safety related concrete structures and commentary.” Appendix D, ACI 349-06 and ACI 349R-06, ACI, Farmington Hills, MI.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2008). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and Commentary.” Appendix D, ACI 318-08 and ACI 318R-08, ACI, Farmington Hills, MI.
Ballarini, R., Keer, L. M., and Shah, S. P. (1987). “An analytical model for the pull-out of rigid anchors.” Int. J. Fract.IJFRAP, 33(2), 75–94.
Ballarini, R., Shah, S. P., and Keer, L. M. (1986). “Failure characteristics of short anchor bolts embedded in a brittle material.” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. APRLAAZ, 404(1826), 35–54.
Baran, E., Schultz, A. E., and French, C. E. (2006). “Tension tests on cast-in-place inserts: The influence of reinforcement and prestress.” PCI J.PCIJEE, 51(5), 88–108.
Bažant, Z. P., and Planas, J. (1998). Fracture and size effect in concrete and other quasibrittle materials, CRC, Boca Raton, FL.
Bažant, Z. P., and Sener, S. (1988). “Size effect in pullout tests.” ACI Mater. J.AMAJEF, 85(5), 347–351.
Bittencourt, T. N., Ingraffea, A. R., and Llorca, J. (1992). “Simulation of arbitrary, cohesive crack propagation.” Fracture mechanics of concrete structures, Bažant, Z. P., ed., Elsevier Applied Science, London, 339–350.
Cherepanov, G. P. (1979). Mechanics of brittle fracture, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Comité Euro-International du Béton (CEB). (1997). Design of fastenings in concrete: Design guide, Thomas Telford, London.
Cornell Fracture Group. (1997). FRANC2D, Cornell Fracture Group, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. 〈http://www.cfg.cornell.edu/software/franc2d_casca.htm〉 (Jun. 2008).
Elfgren, L., and Ohlsson, U. (1992). “Anchor bolts modeled with fracture mechanics.” Application of fracture mechanics to reinforced concrete, Carpinteri, A., ed., Elsevier Applied Science, London, 267–283.
Eligehausen, R., and Ozbolt, J. (1990). “Size effect in anchorage behavior.” Fracture behavior and design of materials and structures, Firrao, D., ed., Vol. 2, Engineering Materials Advisory Services, Ltd., Warley, West Midlands, UK, 721–727.
Eligehausen, R., and Sawade, G. (1989). “Analysis of anchorage behaviour (literature review).” Fracture mechanics of concrete structures: From theory to applications, Elfgren, L., ed., Chapman & Hall, London, 263–280
Fuchs, W., Eligehausen, R., and Breen, J. E. (1995). “Concrete capacity design (CCD) approach for fastening to concrete.” ACI Struct. J.ASTJEG, 92(1), 73–94.
Hellier, A. K., Sansalone, M., Ingraffea, A. R., Carino, N. J., and Stone, W. C. (1987). “Finite element analysis of the pull-out test using a nonlinear discrete cracking approach.” Cem., Concr., AggregatesCCAGDP, 9(1), 20–29.
Ingraffea, A. R., Linsbauer, H., and Rossmanith, H. (1989). “Computer simulation of cracking in large arch dam—downstream side cracking.” Fracture of concrete and rock, Shah, S. P. and Swartz, S. E., eds., Springer, New York, 334–342.
Ingraffea, A. R., and Saouma, V. (1984). “Numerical modeling of fracture propagation in reinforced and plain concrete.” Fracture mechanics of concrete: Structural application and numerical calculation, Shih, G. C. and Di Tommasi, A., eds., Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 171–225.
Jensen, B. C., and Braestrup, H. W. (1976). Lok-tests determine the compressive strength of concrete, No. 2, Nordisk Betong, Stockholm, Sweden, 9–11.
Ottosen, N. S. (1981). “Nonlinear finite element analysis of pull-out test.” J. Struct. Div.JSDEAG, 107(4), 591–603.
Ozbolt, J., Eligehausen, R., and Reinhardt, H. W. (1999). “Size effect on the concrete cone pull-out load.” Int. J. Fract.IJFRAP, 95(1-4), 391–404.
Piccinin, R. (2011). “Effects of compressive and tensile fields on the load carrying capacity of headed anchors.” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Piccinin, R., Ballarini, R., and Cattaneo, S. (2010). “Linear elastic fracture mechanics pullout analyses of headed anchors in stressed concrete.” J. Eng. Mech.JENMDT, 136(6), 761–768.
Pivonka, P., Lackner, R., and Mang, H. A. (2004). “Concrete subjected to triaxial stress states: Application to pull-out analyses.” J. Eng. Mech.JENMDT, 130(12), 1486–1498.
Reinhardt, H. W. (1981). “Masstabsein uss bei Schubversuchen im Licht der Bruchmechanik.” Beton- Stahlbetonbau, 1, BESTAI19–21.
Shah, S. P., Swartz, S. E., Ouyang, C. (1995). Fracture mechanics of concrete: applications of fracture mechanics to concrete, rock, and other quasi-brittle materials, Wiley, New York.
Vogel, A., and Ballarini, R. (1999). “Ultimate load capacities of plane and axisymmetric headed anchors.” J. Eng. Mech.JENMDT, 125(11), 1276–1279.
Wawrzynek, P. A., and Ingraffea, A. R. (1987). “Interactive finite element analysis of fracture processes: An integrated approach.” Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech.TAFME4, 8(2), 137–150.
Wittmann, F. H., Roelfstra, P. E., and Mihashi, H. (1987). “Influence of age of loading, water-cement ratio and rate of loading on fracture energy of concrete.” Mater. Struct.MASTED, 20(2), 103–110.
Xie, M., and Gerstle, W. (1995). “Energy-based cohesive crack propagation modeling.” J. Eng. Mech.JENMDT, 121(12), 1349–1358.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 138Issue 7July 2012
Pages: 877 - 887

History

Received: Jun 26, 2011
Accepted: Dec 19, 2011
Published online: Dec 23, 2011
Published in print: Jul 1, 2012

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

R. Piccinin, Ph.D. [email protected]
Technical Service Engineer, Hilti, Inc., 5400 South 122nd East Ave., Tulsa, OK 74146 (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected]
R. Ballarini, Ph.D., F.ASCE [email protected]
James L. Record Professor and Head, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Minnesota, SE 500 Pillsbury Dr., Minneapolis, MN 55455-0116. E-mail: [email protected]
S. Cattaneo, Ph.D. [email protected]
Associate Professor, Dept. of Structural Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share