Selection of Optimized Binders for Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene-Contaminated Sites by Jet Grouting and Deep Soil Mixing
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 147, Issue 11
Abstract
The remediation of sites contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) poses a challenge, especially in built up areas. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) can reduce CHCs to nontoxic compounds. Jet grouting and deep soil mixing is used to overcome the difficulty of homogeneous distribution of nZVI in heterogeneous soils. Because these techniques facilitate a synergistic contaminant treatment and installation of construction elements, it is important to know the reactive interactions among involved compounds. In this study six binder materials [bentonite and ordinary portland cement (OPC), among others] have been investigated for interactions with the reductive dechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE) by nZVI. The installation process was simulated in batch experiments, and the reaction products (CHC, intermediate products, and hydrogen) were observed using headspace gas chromatography. None of the binders inhibited dechlorination of TCE compared to a control experiment, and the two clay materials even catalyzed the reaction by a factor of up to 12.9. Hydrogen evolution was determined as a sensible indicator for the suitability of a particular binder, ranging from 12.8 to 4,400 mmol.
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Data Availability Statement
All data and models that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
We want to thank Frank-Dieter Kopinke, Katrin Mackenzie, and Steffen Bleyl (Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department Environmental Engineering) for numerous discussions. We are also grateful to Phillip Schöftner and Georg Waldner (formerly AIT) for their advice during the design of the experiments. Jan Slunsky of NanoIron kindly provided us with samples of nZVI. This research was funded by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology (BMK) and Funding Management by Kommunalkredit Public Consulting (KPC) (Project No. B120005).
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Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 147 • Issue 11 • November 2021
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© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Mar 26, 2021
Accepted: Jul 10, 2021
Published online: Sep 6, 2021
Published in print: Nov 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Feb 6, 2022
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