Abstract
This paper describes a novel cellular automata-based mesoscale multispecies reactive-transport (CA-MSRT) model for predicting microbial regrowth and trihalomethanes (THMs) formation in water distribution systems (WDSs) under different loading and temperature conditions. The kinetic models to analyze the degradation of chlorine, natural organic matter (NOM), and microbial biomass and formation of THMs during secondary chlorination applications are also proposed. The CA-MSRT model was applied to a benchmark WDS with two water sources (river and lake), a problem well tested by many researchers. A 60% reduction in total organic carbon (TOC) combined with chlorine application of at the lake water source has resulted in regulating the microbiological and chemical quality of the delivered water at the outlet points. Results indicate that supplementing the chlorine levels through secondary disinfection stimulates formation of THMs and thereby compromises the chemical quality of the delivered water. It was found that the fractions of THMs formed from the carbon content associated with attached and suspended microbial biomass were only , and the remaining fractions were derived from NOM. Overall, the study confirmed the benefits of reducing the organic matter content and optimal selection of the chlorine dose at the source point in contriving the water quality at the outlet points of WDSs.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code generated and used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.
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Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 147 • Issue 1 • January 2021
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© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 10, 2020
Accepted: Aug 25, 2020
Published online: Oct 31, 2020
Published in print: Jan 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Mar 31, 2021
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