Ternary Mixture Biodegraded by a Fungal-Bacterial Consortium: Interaction, Kinetic Analysis, and Performance Evaluation
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 10
Abstract
Multiorganic compounds are commonly found in contaminated environments, and the utilization of pure microbial strains for their removal is inefficient. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether the use of a consortium of Aspergillus fumigatus HD2, Ophiostoma stenoceras LLC, and Zoogloea resiniphila HJ showed improved removal of a mixture of alpha ()-pinene, n-butyl acetate, and ortho (o)-xylene in water when compared to the use of each strain. Carbon balance analysis indicated that more mineralized compounds were produced by the consortium. Microbial analysis indicated the ratio of A. fumigates and Z. resiniphila remained , while O. stenoceras grew more slowly than the other two strains. Substrate inhibition models showed that the Levenspiel model was optimal for -pinene and n-butyl acetate, while the Edwards model was better for o-xylene. Finally, gaseous ternary mixture removal was achieved in a continuous-flow system, indicating that this consortium would have great potential in future full-scale applications of organic treatments.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LY18B060012) and the Key Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LZ17E080001) are gratefully acknowledged.
References
Arriaga, S., and S. Revah. 2005. “Improving hexane removal by enhancing fungal development in a microbial consortium biofilter.” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 90 (1): 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.20424.
Atoche, J. C., and W. M. Moe. 2004. “Treatment of MEK and toluene mixtures in biofilter: Effect of operating strategy on performance during transient loading.” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 86 (4): 468–481. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.20064.
Balasubramanian, P., L. Philip, and S. M. Bhallamudi. 2012. “Biotrickling filtration of complex pharmaceutical VOC emissions along with chloroform.” Bioresour. Technol. 114 (3): 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.035.
Banerjee, A., and A. K. Ghoshal. 2010. “Isolation and characterization of hyper phenol tolerant Bacillus sp. from oil refinery and exploration sites.” J. Hazard. Mater. 176 (1): 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.002.
Cheng, Y., H. J. He, C. P. Yang, G. M. Zeng, X. Li, H. Chen, and G. L. Yu. 2016a. “Challenges and solutions for biofiltration of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds.” Biotechnol. Adv. 34 (6): 1091–1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.06.007.
Cheng, Z. W., C. Li, C. Kennes, J. X. Ye, D. Z. Chen, S. H. Zhang, J. M. Chen, and J. M. Yu. 2017. “Improved biodegradation potential of chlorobenzene by a mixed fungal-bacterial consortium.” Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 123 (Sep): 276–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.07.008.
Cheng, Z. W., L. C. Lu, C. Kennes, J. M. Yu, and J. M. Chen. 2016b. “Treatment of gaseous toluene in three biofilters inoculated with fungi/bacteria: Microbial analysis, performance and starvation response.” J. Hazard. Mater. 303 (Feb): 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.10.017.
Deshusses, M., and T. Webster. 2011. “Construction and economics of a pilot/full-scale biological trickling filter reactor for the removal of volatile organic compounds from polluted air.” J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 50 (11): 1947–1956. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2000.10464220.
Dorado, A. D., G. Baquerizo, J. P. Maestre, X. Gamisans, D. Gabriel, and J. Lafuente. 2013. “Modeling of a bacterial and fungal biofilter applied to toluene abatement: Kinetic parameters estimation and model validation.” Chem. Eng. J. 140 (1–3): 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.09.004.
Edwards, V. H. 1970. “The influence of high substrate concentrations on microbial kinetics.” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 12 (5): 679–712. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120504.
Estévez, E., M. C. Veiga, and C. Kennes. 2005. “Biofiltration of waste gases with the fungi Exophiala oligosperma and Paecilomyces variotii.” Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 67 (4): 563–568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-004-1786-0.
Estrada, J. M., O. I. Bernal, M. C. Flickinger, R. Munoz, and M. A. Deshusses. 2015. “Biocatalytic coatings for air pollution control: A proof of concept study on VOC biodegradation.” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 112 (2): 263–271. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.25353.
Estrada, J. M., S. Hernández, R. Muñoz, and S. Revah. 2013. “A comparative study of fungal and bacterial biofiltration treating a VOC mixture.” J. Hazard. Mater. 250–251 (2): 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.01.064.
Festa, S., B. M. Coppotelli, and I. S. Morelli. 2016. “Comparative bioaugmentation with a consortium and a single strain in a phenanthrene-contaminated soil: Impact on the bacterial community and biodegradation.” Appl. Soil Ecol. 98 (Feb): 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.08.025.
Gentry, T. J., C. Rensing, and I. L. Pepper. 2004. “New approaches for bioaugmentation as a remediation technology.” Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34 (5): 447–494. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380490452362.
Gunasekaran, V., L. Stam, and M. Constantí. 2013. “The effect of BTX compounds on the biodegradation of ETBE by an ETBE degrading bacterial consortium.” Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng. 18 (6): 1216–1223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-013-0132-8.
Guo, H., J. Yao, H. L. Chen, J. W. Wang, K. Masakorala, Y. Jin, H. H. Richnow, and R. E. Blake. 2012. “Substrate interactions during biodegradation of benzene/alkylbenzene mixtures by Rhodococcus sp. ustb-1.” Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 75 (3): 124–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.04.023.
Haldane, J. B. S. 1930. Enzymes. London: Longmans Green.
Hazrati, H., J. Shayegan, and S. M. Seyedi. 2015. “Biodegradation kinetics and interactions of styrene and ethylbenzene as single and dual substrates for a mixed bacterial culture.” J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng. 13 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40201-015-0230-y.
He, Z. X., H. L. Xiao, L. Tang, H. Min, and Z. M. Lu. 2013. “Biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by a stable bacterial consortium, HD-1, enriched from activated sludge.” Bioresour. Technol. 128 (1): 526–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.107.
Jin, Y. M., L. Guo, M. C. Veiga, and C. Kennes. 2007. “Fungal biofiltration of alpha-pinene: Effects of temperature, relative humidity, and transient loads.” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 96 (3): 433–443. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.21123.
Jo, M. S., E. R. Rene, S. H. Kim, and H. S. Park. 2008. “An analysis of synergistic and antagonistic behavior during BTEX removal in batch system using response surface methodology.” J. Hazard. Mater. 152 (3): 1276–1284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.08.002.
Levenspiel, O. 1980. “The monod equation: A revisit and a generalization to product inhibition situations.” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 22 (8): 1671–1687. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220810.
Liu, Y., X. Quan, Y. Sun, J. Chen, D. Xue, and J. S. Chung. 2002. “Simultaneous removal of ethyl acetate and toluene in air streams using compost-based biofilters.” J. Hazard. Mater. 95 (1): 199–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00139-5.
Morales, P., M. Cáceres, F. Scott, L. Díaz-Robles, G. Aroca, and A. Vergara-Fernández. 2017. “Biodegradation of benzo[]pyrene, toluene, and formaldehyde from the gas phase by a consortium of Rhodococcus erythropolis and Fusarium solani.” Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 101 (17): 6765–6777. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8400-8.
Mukherjee, A. K., and N. K. Bordoloi. 2012. “Biodegradation of benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) in liquid culture and in soil by Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and a formulated bacterial consortium.” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 19 (8): 3380–3388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-0862-8.
Mukherjee, A. K., and K. Das. 2005. “Correlation between diverse cyclic lipopeptides production and regulation of growth and substrate utilization by Bacillus subtilis strains in a particular habitat.” FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 54 (3): 479–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2005.06.003.
Natarajan, R., J. Al-Sinani, S. Viswanathan, and R. Manivasagan. 2017. “Biodegradation of ethyl benzene and xylene contaminated air in an up flow mixed culture biofilter.” Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 119 (Apr): 309–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.10.041.
Neumann, G., S. Cornelissen, B. F. Van, S. Hunger, H. Lippold, N. Loffhagen, L. Y. Wick, and H. J. Heipieper. 2006. “Energetics and surface properties of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E in a two-phase fermentation system with 1-decanol as second phase.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72 (6): 4232–4238. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02904-05.
Prenafeta-Boldu, F. X., J. Illa, J. W. van Groenestijn, and X. Flotats. 2008. “Influence of synthetic packing materials on the gas dispersion and biodegradation kinetics in fungal air biofilters.” Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 79 (2): 319–327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-008-1433-2.
Rajamanickam, R., K. Kaliyamoorthi, N. Ramachandran, D. Baskaran, and J. Krishnan. 2017. “Batch biodegradation of toluene by mixed microbial consortia and its kinetics.” Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 119 (Apr): 282–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.11.014.
Rene, E. R., S. Kar, J. Krishnan, K. Pakshirajan, M. E. López, D. V. S. Murthy, and T. Swaminathan. 2015. “Start-up, performance and optimization of a compost biofilter treating gas-phase mixture of benzene and toluene.” Bioresour. Technol. 190 (Aug): 529–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.049.
Sempere, F., C. Gabaldón, V. Martínez-Soria, P. Marzal, J. M. Penya-roja, and F. J. Álvarez-Hornos. 2008. “Performance evaluation of a biotrickling filter treating a mixture of oxygenated VOCs during intermittent loading.” Chemosphere 73 (9): 1533–1539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.08.037.
Shim, E., J. Kim, K. Cho, and H. W. Ryu. 2006. “Biofiltration and inhibitory interactions of gaseous benzene, toluene, xylene, and methyl tert-butyl ether.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 (9): 3089–3094. https://doi.org/10.1021/es052099l.
Sivasubramanian, S., and S. K. R. Namasivayam. 2015. “Phenol degradation studies using microbial consortium isolated from environmental sources.” J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 3 (1): 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2014.12.014.
Steffan, R. J., K. L. Sperry, M. T. Walsh, S. Vainberg, and C. W. Condee. 1999. “Field-scale evaluation of in situ bioaugmentation for remediation of chlorinated solvents in groundwater.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 (16): 2771–2781. https://doi.org/10.1021/es9812204.
Ulrich, A. C., and E. A. Edwards. 2003. “Physiological and molecular characterization of anaerobic benzene degrading mixed cultures.” Environ. Microbiol. 5 (2): 92–102. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00390.x.
Vergara-Fernández, A., S. Hernández, and S. Revah. 2011. “Elimination of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds in fungal biofilters: Reducing start-up time using different carbon sources.” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 108 (4): 758–765. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.23003.
Yang, C. P., H. Chen, G. M. Zeng, G. L. Yu, and S. L. Luo. 2010. “Biomass accumulation and control strategies in gas biofiltration.” Biotechnol. Adv. 28 (4): 531–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.04.002.
Yang, C. P., H. Qian, X. Li, Y. Cheng, H. J. He, G. M. Zeng, and J. Y. Xi. 2018. “Simultaneous removal of multicomponent VOCs in biofilters.” Trends Biotechnol. 36 (7): 673–685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.02.004.
Zamir, S. M., R. Halladj, and B. Nasernejad. 2011. “Removal of toluene vapors using a fungal biofilter under intermittent loading.” Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 89 (1): 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2010.10.001.
Zhang, L. L., S. Q. Leng, R. Y. Zhu, and J. M. Chen. 2011. “Degradation of chlorobenzene by strain Ralstonia pickettii L2 isolated from a biotrickling filter treating a chlorobenzene-contaminated gas stream.” Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 91 (2): 407–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3255-x.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 31, 2018
Accepted: Feb 15, 2019
Published online: Aug 12, 2019
Published in print: Oct 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Jan 12, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.