Degradation Kinetic and Remediation Effectiveness of 1,4-Dioxane-Contaminated Groundwater by a Sono-Activated Persulfate Process
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 144, Issue 10
Abstract
The well-known biorefractory organic material 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-D) is difficult to degrade in groundwater by classical treatment processes. The sono-activated persulfate process was applied to remediate 1,4-D-contaminated groundwater. The influences of the persulfate dose, solution pH, initial 1,4-D concentration, and dose on the enhancement of 1,4-D degradation were studied. The degradation kinetic and remediation effectiveness were also investigated. Up to an 84% 1,4-D elimination was achieved with of 7.0, temperature of , persulfate, , 400 kHz ultrasonic frequency, 100 W of power, and ultrasonic density, with an initial 1,4-D of approximately after an 8-h reaction in aqueous solution. The material 1,4-D in groundwater was eliminated completely after 10 h, while the acute toxicity of the treated groundwater decreased by 99.87%. In this process, the sulfate radical () and hydroxyl radical () were confirmed to be primary reactive species that degraded 1,4-D. A novel reaction kinetic model grounded on the radicals’ oxidation was developed to describe the 1,4-D degradation process from the point of view of math and chemistry. The sono-activated persulfate process successfully degraded the 1,4-D present in groundwater under mild conditions and was accompanied by a toxicity reduction. In conclusion, this is a promising method to remediate 1,4-D-contaminated groundwater.
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Acknowledgments
This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41303095), Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Grant Nos. 17ZR1424000 and 16ZR1429700), and Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences (Grant No. CX201601). Additionally, the time and insightful recommendations of the reviewers are highly appreciated.
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©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Oct 5, 2017
Accepted: Apr 17, 2018
Published online: Jul 23, 2018
Published in print: Oct 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Dec 23, 2018
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