Influence of Tourmaline on the Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Process in Sequencing Batch Reactors
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 143, Issue 9
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the enhancement effect of tourmaline on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) process in two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). SBR1 was operated in parallel with SBR2, but 2 g tourmaline was added to the reactor. The results showed that when the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) was gradually increased from 181.8 to , the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of SBR2 decreased to from , corresponding to an increase of specific ANAMMOX activity (SAA) from 0.65 to .Tourmaline could control pH value to provide a stable environment for enrichment of ANAMMOX bacteria. Tourmaline promoted the growth and metabolism of ANAMMOX bacteria and enhanced the activity of the ANAMMOX reaction but was not a benefit for the granulation of ANAMMOX sludge. At the end of the start-up period, the 16S rRNA genes of ANAMMOX bacteria in SBR1 () were two orders of magnitude higher than that in SBR2 (). The ANAMMOX sludge of SBR1 possessed a higher extracellular polymer substances (EPS) content than the SBR2 reactor ( VSS in SBR1 and VSS in SBR2). The level of heme and TTC-dehydrogenase in SBR1 were still higher than that in SBR2.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the financial support of the Funds for Creative Research Groups of Harbin (Grant No. 2015RQQXJ013).
References
APHA (American Public Health Association). (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st Ed., Washington, DC.
Dapena-Mora, A., van Hulle, S. W. H., Campos, J. L., Mendez, R., Vanrolleghem, P. A., and Jetten, M. (2004). “Enrichment of ANAMMOX biomass from municipal activated sludge: Experimental and modelling results.” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 79(12), 1421–1428.
Duan, X. M., Zhou, J. T., Qiao, S., Yin, X., Tian, T., and Xu, F. D. (2012). “Start-up of the ANAMMOX process from the conventional activated sludge in a hybrid bioreactor.” J. Environ. Sci., 24(6), 1083–1090.
Emme, H., Valldor, M., Pöttgen, R., and Huppertz, H. (2005). “Associating borate and silicate chemistry by extreme conditions: High-pressure synthesis, crystal structure, and properties of the new borates RE3B5O12(RE=Er-Lu).” Chem. Mater., 17(10), 2707–2715.
Fernández, I., Dosta, J., Fajardo, C., Campos, J. L., Mosquera-Corral, A., and Méndez, R. (2012). “Short- and long-term effects of ammonium and nitrite on the ANAMMOX process.” J. Environ. Manage., 95(2), S170–S174.
Franco, A., Roca, E., and Lema, J. M. (2006). “Granulation in high-load denitrifying upflow sludge bed (USB) reactors.” Water Res., 40(5), 871–880.
Gao, F., Zhang, H. M., Yang, F. L., Hong, Q., and Zhang, G. Y. (2012). “The contrast study of ANAMMOX-denitrifying system in two non-woven fixed-bed bioreactors (NFBR) treating different low C/N ratio sewage.” Bioresour. Technol., 114(2), 54–61.
Higgins, M. J., and Novak, J. T. (1997). “Characterization of exocellular protein and its role in bioflocculation.” J. Environ. Eng., 479–485.
Huang, X. L., Gao, D. W., Peng, S., and Tao, Y. (2014). “Effects of ferrous and manganese ions on ANAMMOX process in sequencing batch biofilm reactors.” J. Environ. Sci., 26(5), 1034–1039.
Jaroszynski, L. W., Cicek, N., Sparling, R., and Oleszkiewicz, J. A. (2011). “Importance of the operating pH in maintaining the stability of anoxic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) activity in moving bed biofilm reactors.” Bioresour. Technol., 102(14), 7051–7056.
Jetten, M. S. M., et al. (1999). “The anaerobic oxidation of ammonium.” FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 22(5), 421–437.
Jiang, K., Sun, T. H., Sun, L. N., and Li, H. B. (2006). “Adsorption characteristics of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium ions by tourmaline.” J. Environ. Sci., 18(6), 1221–1225.
Jin, R. C., Hu, B. L., Zheng, P., Mahmood, Q., and Islam, E. (2008). “Quantitative comparison of stability of ANAMMOX process in different reactor configurations.” Bioresour. Technol., 99(6), 1603–1609.
Jin, R. C., Yang, G. F., Ma, C., Yu, J. J., Zhang, Q. Q., and Xing, B. S. (2012). “Influence of effluent recirculation on the performance of ANAMMOX process.” Chem. Eng. J., 200–202(34), 176–185.
Jin, R. C., Yang, G. F., Zhang, Q. Q., Ma, C., Yu, J. J., and Xing, B. S. (2013). “The effect of sulfide inhibition on the ANAMMOX process.” Water Res., 47(3), 1459–1469.
Jung, J. Y., Kang, S. H., Chung, Y. C., and Ahn, D. H. (2007). “Factors affecting the activity of ANAMMOX bacteria during start up in the continuous culture reactor.” Water Sci. Technol., 55(1–2), 459–468.
Klotz, M. G., Schmid, M. C., Strous, M., Op, D. C. H., Jetten, M. S., and Hooper, A. B. (2008). “Evolution of an octahaem cytochrome c protein family that is key to aerobic and anaerobic ammonia oxidation by bacteria.” Environ. Microbiol., 10(11), 3150–3163.
Li, H., Zhou, S., Ma, W., Huang, G., and Xu, B. (2012). “Fast start-up of ANAMMOX reactor: Operational strategy and some characteristics as indicators of reactor performance.” Desalination, 286(1), 436–441.
Liao, D., Yang, Q., Zhao, Z., and Zeng, G. (2007). “Enrichment and granulation of ANAMMOX biomass started up with methanogenic granular sludge.” World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 23(7), 1015–1020.
Ma, C., Jin, R. C., Yang, G. F., Yu, J. J., Xing, B. S., and Zhang, Q. Q. (2012). “Impacts of transient salinity shock loads on ANAMMOX process performance.” Bioresour. Technol., 112(1), 124–130.
Mahoney, E. M., Varangu, L. K., Cairns, W. L., Kosaric, N., and Murray, R. G. E. (1987). “The effect of calcium on microbial aggregation during UASB reactor start-up.” Water Sci. Technol., 19(1–2), 249–260.
Malovanyy, A., Trela, J., and Plaza, E. (2015). “Mainstream wastewater treatment in integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor by partial nitritation/ANAMMOX process.” Bioresour. Technol., 198, 478–487.
Meng, J., Jin, W., Liang, J., Ding, Y., Gan, K., and Yuan, Y. (2010). “Effect of particle size on far infrared emission properties of tourmaline superfine powders.” J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 10(3), 2083–2087.
Monballiu, A., et al. (2013). “Enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (ANAMMOX) bacteria from OLAND and conventional sludge: Features and limitations.” Sep. Purif. Technol., 104(5), 130–137.
Qiu, S., Ma, F., Wo, Y., and Xu, S. W. (2011). “Study on the biological effect of tourmaline on the cell membrane of E. coli.” Surf. Interface Anal., 43(7), 1069–1073.
Rudd, T., Sterritt, R. M., and Lester, J. N. (1984). “Complexation of heavy metals by extracellular polymers in the activated sludge process.” J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 56(12), 1260–1268.
Schmid, M. C., et al. (2008). “Environmental detection of octahaem cytochrome c hydroxylamine/hydrazine oxidoreductase genes of aerobic and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria.” Environ. Microbiol., 10(11), 3140–3149.
Shen, L. D., et al. (2012). “Metabolic properties of a mixed culture of aerobic ammonia oxidizers and its optimal reaction conditions.” Bioresour. Technol., 104(1), 571–578.
Sheng, G. P., Zhang, M. L., and Yu, H. Q. (2008). “Characterization of adsorption properties of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from sludge.” Colloids. Surf. B., 62(1), 83–90.
Shevkunov, S. V., and Vegiri, A. (2002). “Electric field induced transitions in water clusters.” J. Mol. Struct.-Theochem., 593(1–3) 19–32.
Sinclair, P. R., Gorman, N., and Jacobs, J. M. (1999). Measurement of heme concentration. Current protocols in toxicology, Wiley, New York.
Strous, M., Heijnen, J. J., Kuenen, J. G., and Jetten, M. S. M. (1998). “The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammoniumoxidizing microorganisms.” Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 50(5), 589–596.
Strous, M., Kuenen, J. G., and Jetten, M. S. M. (1999). “Key physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65(7), 3248–3250.
Strous, M., Van Gerven, E., Zheng, P., Gijs Kuenen, J., and Jetten, M. S. M. (1997). “Ammonium removal from concentrated waste streams with the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) process in different reactor configurations.” Water Res., 31(8), 1955–1962.
Sun, S., Wei, C. D., and Liu, Y. X. (2010). “Characterization and water activation of tourmaline nanoparticles.” Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 10(3), 2119–2124.
Tan, C., Liu, Y. J., Wang, W., Qiu, S. (2014). “Influence of tourmaline on the activity of ANAMMOX bacteria and ANAMMOX reaction.” China Water Wastewater, 30(23), 11–15.
Tang, C. J., et al. (2011). “Enhanced nitrogen removal from pharmaceutical wastewater using SBA-ANAMMOX process.” Water. Res., 45(1), 201–210.
Tao, W. D., Wen, J. F., and Han, Y. (2012). “Nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands using nitritation/ANAMMOX and nitrification/denitrification: Effects of influent nitrogen concentration.” Water Environ. Res., 84(12), 2099–2105.
Tomar, S., and Gupta, S. K. (2016). “Investigating the role of co-substrate-substrate ratio and filter media on the performance of ANAMMOX hybrid reactor treating nitrogen rich wastewater.” J. Biosci. Bioeng., 121(3), 310–316.
Vázquez-Padín, J. R., et al. (2014). “Implications of full-scale implementation of an ANAMMOX-based process as post-treatment of a municipal anaerobic sludge digester operated with co-digestion.” Water Sci. Technol., 69(6), 1151–1158.
Veuillet, F., et al. (2014). “Integrated fixed-film activated sludge ANITA(TM) Mox process—A new perspective for advanced nitrogen removal.” Water Sci. Technol., 69(5), 915–922.
Wang, S. Y., Peng, Y. Z., Ma, B. B., Wang, S. Y., and Zhu, G. B. (2015). “Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in traditional municipal wastewater treatment plants with low-strength ammonium loading: Widespread but overlooked.” Water Res., 84(1), 66–75.
Wett, B., Batstone, D., and Wilson, C. (2014). “Anaerobic model for high-solids or high-temperature digestion-additional pathway of acetate oxidation.” Water Sci. Technol., 69(8), 1634–1640.
Wilén, B. M., Jin, B., and Lant, P. (2003). “The influence of key chemical constituents in activated sludge on surface and flocculating properties.” Water Res., 37(9), 2127–2139.
Xia, M. S., Hu, C. H., and Zhang, H. M. (2006). “Effects of tourmaline addition on the dehydrogenase activity of Rhodopseudomonas palustris.” Process Biochem., 41(1), 221–225.
Yuan, D. Q., and Wang, Y. L. (2013). “Effects of solution conditions on the physicochemical properties of stratification components of extracellular polymeric substances in anaerobic digested sludge.” J. Environ. Sci., 25(1), 155–162.
Zhang, J. P., Zhao, L., and Tan, X. (2004). “Structural change of water clusters and the corresponding biological effects.” Chemistry, 67(4), 278–283 (in Chinese).
Zhang, J. X., Zhang, Y. B., Quan, X., and Chen, S. (2013). “Effects of ferric iron on the anaerobic treatment and microbial biodiversity in a coupled microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) anaerobic reactor.” Water Res., 47(15), 5719–5728.
Zhang, S., et al. (2011). “Biological improvement on combined mycelial pellet for aniline treatment by tourmaline in SBR process.” Bioresour. Technol., 102(19), 9282–9285.
Zhu, N. W., Ming, H., Chen, M. C., and Zhao, Y. H. (1996). “The study of determination on TTC-dehydrogenase activity.” China Biogas., 14(2) 3–5.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 143 • Issue 9 • September 2017
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 14, 2016
Accepted: Feb 23, 2017
Published online: May 19, 2017
Published in print: Sep 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Oct 19, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.