Reliable, Robust, and Resilient System Design Framework with Application to Wastewater-Treatment Plant Control
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 143, Issue 3
Abstract
This paper presents a framework for reliable, robust, and resilient system design, addressing the need for acceptable performance not only to be provided under expected conditions, but to be maintained and/or quickly returned to when threats act upon a system. This is achieved through incorporation of multiobjective optimization; assessment of reliability, robustness, and resilience; and filtering and prioritization of solutions at key intervals. The effectiveness of the framework and benefits of its use are demonstrated with a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) control strategy design problem. The effects of extreme, nondesign loads on highly optimized control strategies have not previously been explored, and it is found in this example that options yielding the greatest improvements under design conditions typically provide poor effluent quality robustness and resilience to influent perturbations. By integrating robustness and resilience, solutions can be identified that meet key performance objectives under design conditions while also minimizing the magnitude and duration of potential failures under extreme conditions. Application of this framework can also yield knowledge of threats to which the system is least robust and/or the requirements most prone to failure under extreme conditions. It is shown here that, when attempting to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by improved WWTP control, decreased influent temperature poses a significant threat and maintaining an acceptable total nitrogen concentration in the effluent under extreme conditions is a key issue.
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Acknowledgments
Thanks are given for the Matlab/Simulink implementation of the BSM2 from the Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. This work forms part of a 5-year fellowship for the last author funded by the U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/K006924/1).
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Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 143 • Issue 3 • March 2017
Copyright
©2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 13, 2016
Accepted: Jul 15, 2016
Published online: Oct 12, 2016
Published in print: Mar 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Mar 12, 2017
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