Abstract
Iron and manganese are commonly found in natural waters, particularly in groundwater. Because of the importance of particle size distribution (PSD) on the performance of removal processes, this research focuses on understanding the PSD and -potentials of oxidized iron/manganese in water, as a function of pH, ionic strength, and hardness. After rapid oxidation of dissolved iron/manganese, laser diffraction (LD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and fractionation through serial membrane filtration techniques were used to define the PSD. For manganese dioxide, the -potential was found to decrease as the pH decreased and as the ionic strength and hardness increased, resulting in a higher aggregate size. The aggregation rate of manganese dioxide strongly increased with hardness. On the other hand, ferric hydroxide PSD was not significantly altered by ionic strength or hardness at pH values relevant to typical natural waters. A combination of several techniques was found to be essential for providing a complete picture of the PSD. The DLS and LD techniques were generally well adapted for nano-scale and micron-scale particles, respectively. The serial membrane filtration technique was suggested for water practitioners working toward the selection of an appropriate process for iron/manganese control in drinking waters.
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Acknowledgments
The financial support of RESE’EAU-WATERNET, a NSERC collaborative strategic network (Grant No. 364635-07), is greatly appreciated. We also thank the CREDEAU laboratories at École Polytechnique de Montréal for providing the facilities to conduct the study.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 142 • Issue 5 • May 2016
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 27, 2015
Accepted: Nov 23, 2015
Published online: Jan 12, 2016
Published in print: May 1, 2016
Discussion open until: Jun 12, 2016
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Analysis (by type)
- Chemical compounds
- Chemical elements
- Chemical properties
- Chemicals
- Chemistry
- Earth materials
- Engineering fundamentals
- Environmental engineering
- Equipment and machinery
- Geomaterials
- Geotechnical engineering
- Hardness (material)
- Heavy metals
- Iron compounds
- Lasers
- Manganese
- Material mechanics
- Material properties
- Materials engineering
- Particle size distribution
- pH
- Power spectral density
- Statistical analysis (by type)
- Water treatment
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