Effect of the Filling Ratio, MLSS, Hydraulic Retention Time, and Temperature on the Behavior of the Hybrid Biomass in a Hybrid Moving Bed Membrane Bioreactor Plant to Treat Urban Wastewater
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 141, Issue 7
Abstract
Seven cycles of operation in relation to the filling ratio, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), hydraulic retention time (HRT), and temperature were studied in a pilot-scale experimental plant of a hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor (MBBR-MBR). The aim of the present research was to study the influence of the operative variables on the behavior of a hybrid MBBR-MBR in relation to organic matter removal and nitrification activity through the kinetic constants for the autotrophic and heterotrophic biomass. Biofilm density during the present research depended on the operative variables changing from to of the carrier, increasing with the increase in MLSS and with the decrease in the HRT. The removal rate was higher than and for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) , respectively, increasing process efficiency with the MLSS, HRT, and temperature. Yield for heterotrophic biomass () was between and , and of between and . The minimum values of efficiencies obtained for ammonia and total nitrogen were and , respectively, presenting yield for autotrophic biomass () between and , and varying from to . Considering the results obtained in this research, hybrid MBBR-MBR could be a reliable technology to reduce the energy demands and fouling problems associated with conventional MBR technology.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (Ref. CTM2009-11929-C02-01). The authors would also like to express their most sincere thanks to the University of Granada for the personal grant given to J. Martín-Pascual. The research team is also grateful to Emasagra for its participation.
References
Ahl, R. M., Leiknes, T., and Ødegaard, H. (2006). “Tracking particle size distributions in a moving bed biofilm membrane reactor for treatment of municipal wastewater.” Water Sci. Technol., 53(7), 33–42.
Antoniou, P., Hamilton, J., Koopman, B., Jain, R., Holloway, B., Lyberatos, G., and Svoronos, S. A. (1990). “Effect of temperature and pH on the effective maximum specific growth rate of nitrifying bacteria.” Water Resour., 24(1), 97–101.
APHA (American Public Health Association). (2012). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 22nd Ed., Washington, DC.
Bassin, J. P., Kleerebezem, R., Rosado, A. S., Van Loosdrecht, M., and Dezotti, M. (2012). “Effect of different operational conditions on biofilm development, nitrification, and nitrifying microbial population in moving-bedbiofilm reactors.” Env. Sci. Technol., 46(3), 1546–1555.
BM-Advance [Computer software]. Barcelona, Spain, Surcis SL.
Chang, H. T., Rittmann, B. E., Amar, D., Heim, R., Ehlinger, O., and Lesty, Y. (1991). “Biofilm detachment mechanisms in a liquid-fluidized bed.” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 38(5), 499–506.
Chave, P. (2001). The EU water framework directive: An introduction, IWA Publishing, London.
Escudié, R., Cresson, R., Delgenès, J. P., and Bernet, N. (2010). “Control of start-up and operation of anaerobic biofilm reactors: An overview of 15 years of research.” Water Resour., 45(1), 1–10.
Ferrai, M., Guglielmi, G., and Andreottola, G. (2010). “Modelling respirometric tests for the assessment of kinetic and stoichiometric parameters on MBBR biofilm for municipal wastewater treatment.” Environ. Modell. Softw., 25(5), 626–632.
Germain, E., Bancroft, L., Dawson, A., Hinrichs, C., Fricker, L., and Pearce, P. (2007). “Evaluation of hybrid processes for nitrification by comparing MBBR/AS and IFAS configurations.” Water Sci. Technol., 55(8–9), 43–49.
Gjaltema, A., Tijhuis, L., van Loosdrecht, M. C. M., and Heijnen, J. J. (1995). “Detachment of spherical, non-growing biofllms in airlift reactors.” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 46, 258–269.
Gomez, M., Dvorak, L., Ruzickova, I., Holba, M., and Wanner, J. (2012). “Operational experience with a seasonally operated full-scale membrane bioreactor plant.” Bioresource. Technol., 121, 241–247.
Gunder, B., and Krauth, K. (1998). “Replacement of secondary clarification by membrane separation—Results with plate and hollow fibre modules.” Water Sci. Technol., 38(4–5), 383–393.
Henze, M., Gujer, W., Mino, T., and Van Loosdrecht, M. C. M. (2000). Activated sludge models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2 and ASM3, IWA Publishing, London.
Ivanovic, I., and Leiknes, T. (2008). “Impact of aeration rates on particle colloidal fraction in the biofilm membrane bioreactor (BF-MBR).” Desalination, 231(1–3), 182–190.
Ivanovic, I., Leiknes, T., and Ødegaard, H. (2008). “Fouling control by reduction of submicron particles in a BF-MBR with an integrated flocculation zone in the membrane reactor.” Sep. Sci. Technol., 43(7), 1871–1883.
Kim, D. J., Lee, D. I., and Keller, J. (2006). “Effect of temperature and free ammonia on nitrification and nitrite accumulation in landfill leachate and analysis of its nitrifying bacterial community by FISH.” Bioresour. Technol., 97(3), 459–468.
Kim, H., Gellner, J., Boltz, J., Freudenberg, R., and Gunsch, C. (2010). “Effects of integrated fixed film activated sludge media on activated sludge settling in biological nutrient removal systems.” Water Resour., 44(5), 1553–1561.
Krzeminski, P., et al. (2012). “Impact of temperature on raw wastewater composition and activated sludge filterability in full-scale MBR systems for municipal sewage treatment.” J. Membr. Sci., 423–424, 348–361.
Kwok, W. K., Picioreanu, C., Ong, S. L., van Loosdrecht, M. C., Ng, W. J., and Heijnen, J. J. (1998). “Influence of biomass production and detachment forces on biofilm structures in a biofilm airlift suspension reactor.” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 58(4), 400–407.
Leiknes, L., and Ødegaard, H. (2007). “The development of a biofilm membrane bioreactor.” Desalination, 202(1–3), 135–143.
Levstek, M., and Plazi, Y. (2009). “Influence of carrier type on nitrification in the moving-bed-biofilm process.” Water Sci. Technol., 59(5), 875–882.
Mannina, G., and Viviani, G. (2009). “Hybrid moving bed biofilm reactors: an effective solution for upgrading a large wastewater treatment plant.” Water Sci. Technol., 60(5), 1103–1116.
Manser, R., Gujer, W., and Siegrist, H. (2005). “Consequences of mass transfer effects on the kinetics of nitrifiers.” Water Resour., 39(19), 4633–4642.
Mardani, S., Mirbagheri, A., Amin, M. M., and Ghasemian, M. (2011). “Determination of biokinetic coefficients for activated sludge processes on municipal wastewater.” Iran. J. Environ. Health. Sci. Eng., 8(1), 25–34.
Martín-Pascual, J., López-López, C., González-López, J., Hontoria, E., and Poyatos, J. M. (2012). “Comparative kinetic study of carrier type in a moving bed system applied to organic matter removal in urban wastewater treatment.” Water Air Soil Pollut., 223(4), 1699–1712.
Martín-Pascual, J., Reboleiro-Rivas, P., López-López, C., González-López, J., Hontoria, E., and Poyatos, J. M. (2014). “Influence of hydraulic retention time on heterotrophic biomass in a wastewater moving bed membrane bioreactor treatment plant.” Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 11, 1449–1458.
Mulkerrins, D., Dobson, A. D. W., and Colleran, B. (2004). “Parameters affecting biological phosphate removal from wastewaters.” Environ. Int., 30(2), 249–259.
Nicolella, C., Van Loosdrecht, M. C. M., and Heijnen, J. J. (2000). “Wastewater treatment with particulate biofilm reactors.” J. Biotechnol., 80(1), 1–33.
Ødegaard, H. (2006). “Innovations in wastewater treatment: The moving bed biofilm process.” Water Sci. Technol., 53(9), 17–33.
Ødegaard, H., Heijnen, B., and Westrum, T. (1994). “A new moving bed biofilm reactor-applications and results.” Water Sci. Technol., 29, 157–165.
Peyton, B. M. (1996). “Effects of shear stress and substrate loading rate on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm thickness and density.” Water Resour., 30(1), 29–36.
Plattes, M., Henry, E., and Schosseler, P. M. (2008). “A zero-dimensional biofilm model for dynamic simulation of moving bed bioreactor systems: model concepts, Peterson matrix, and application to a pilot-scale plant.” Biochem. Eng. J., 40(2), 392–398.
Plattes, M., Henry, E., Schosseler, P. M., and Weidenhaupt, A. (2006). “Modelling and dynamic simulation of a moving bed bioreactor for the treatment of municipal wastewater.” Biochem. Eng. J., 32(2), 61–68.
Poyatos, J. M., Molina-Muñoz, M. A., Delgado, F., González-López, J., and Hontoria, E. (2008). “Flux influence on membrane fouling in a membrane bioreactor system under real conditions with urban wastewater.” J. Environ. Sci. Health A., 43(14), 1685–1691.
Rahimi, Y., Torabian, A., Mehrdadi, N., Habibi-Rezaie, M., Pezeshk, H., and Nabi-Bidhendi, G. (2011). “Optimizing aeration rates for minimizing membrane fouling and its effect on sludge characteristics in a moving bed membrane bioreactor.” J. Hazard. Mater., 186(2–3), 1097–1102.
Rittmann, B. E., Henry, B., Odencrantz, J. E., and Sutfin, J. A. (1992). “Biological fate of a polydisperse acrylate polymer in anaerobic sand-medium transport.” Biodegradation, 2(3), 171–179.
Rodríguez, F. A., et al. (2014). “Influence of sludge retention time and temperature on the sludge removal in a submerged membrane bioreactor: Comparative study between pure oxygen and air to supply aerobic conditions.” J. Environ. Sci. Health A., 49(2), 243–251.
Rodríguez, F. A., Poyatos, J. M., Reboleiro-Rivas, P., Osorio, F., González-López, J., and Hontoria, E. (2011). “Kinetic study and oxygen transfer efficiency evaluation using respirometric methods in a submerged membrane bioreactor using pure oxygen to supply the aerobic conditions.” Bioresour. Technol., 102(10), 6013–6018.
Rodríguez, F. A., Reboleiro-Rivas, P., Osorio, F., Martínez-Toledo, M. V., Hontoria, E., and Poyatos, J. M. (2012). “Influence of mixed liquid suspended solids and hydraulic retention time on oxygen transfer efficiency and viscosity in a submerged membrane bioreactor using pure oxygen to supply aerobic conditions.” Biochem. Eng. J., 60, 135–141.
Rusten, B., Eikebrokk, B., Ulgenes, Y., and Lygren, E. (2006). “Design and operations of the Kaldnes moving bed biofilm reactors.” Aquacult. Eng., 34(3), 322–331.
Sriwiriyarat, T., and Randall, C. W. (2005). “Performance of IFAS wastewater treatment processes for biological phosphorus removal.” Water Res., 39(16), 3873–3884.
Trapani, D. D., Mannina, G., Torregrossa, M., and Viviani, G. (2010). “Quantification of kinetic parameters for heterotrophic bacteria via respirometry in a hybrid reactor.” Water Sci. Technol., 61(7), 1757–1766.
Van der Roest, H. F., Lawrence, D. P., and Van Bentem, A. G. N. (2002). Membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment, IWAI Publishing, Cornwall, U.K.
Verrecht, B., Judd, S., Guglielmi, G., Brepols, C., and Mulder, J. W. (2008). “An aeration energy model for an immersed membrane bioreactor.” Water Resour., 42(19), 4761–4770.
Vieira, M. J., and Melo, L. (1999). “Intrinsic kinetics of biofilms formed under turbulent flow and low substrate concentration.” Bioprocces. Eng., 20(4), 369–375.
Wang, R., Wen, X., and Qian, Y. (2005). “Influence of carrier concentration on the performance and microbial characteristics of a suspended carrier biofilm reactor.” Process. Biochem., 40(9), 2992–3001.
Wang, Z., Wu, Z., Yu, G., Liu, J., and Zhen, Z. (2006). “Relationship between sludge characteristics and membrane flux determination in submerged membrane bioreactors.” J. Membr. Sci., 284(1–2), 87–94.
Yang, S., Yang, F., Fu, Z., and Lei, R. (2009). “Comparison between a moving bed membrane bioreactor and a conventional membrane bioreactor on membrane fouling.” Bioresour. Technol., 100(24), 6655–6657.
Yang, S., Yang, F., Fu, Z., Wang, T., and Lei, R. (2010). “Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal by a novel sequencing batch moving bed membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment.” J. Hazard. Mater., 175(1–3), 551–557.
Yang, Y., and Yang, F. (2011). “Nitrogen removal via short-cut simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an intermittently aerated moving bed membrane bioreactor.” J. Hazard. Mater., 195, 318–323.
Zhang, C., Tezel, U., Li, K., Liu, D., Ren, R., and Du, J. (2011). “Evaluation and modeling of benzalkonium chloride inhibition and biodegradation in activated sludge.” Water Res., 45(3), 238–246.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 141 • Issue 7 • July 2015
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 20, 2014
Accepted: Dec 9, 2014
Published online: Jan 21, 2015
Discussion open until: Jun 21, 2015
Published in print: Jul 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.