Mechanism and Pathway of Tetrachloroethylene Dechlorination by Zero-Valent Iron with Cu or
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 139, Issue 6
Abstract
Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is a common contaminant in the groundwater. The mechanism and pathway of PCE dechlorination by zero-valent iron (Fe) in the presence of Cu (Fe–Cu), alone or with powdered activated carbon () were studied. The experimental results have demonstrated that (1) produced higher PCE removal efficiency than adsorption by C or dechlorination by Fe or Fe–Cu due to adsorption and the synergetic effects of Fe–Cu and Fe–C microelectrodes, (2) the batch PCE dechlorination was most rapid at the neutral pH, (3) dechlorination resulted in smaller and more porous Fe particles, and (4) PCE was sequentially dechlorinated to form trichloroethylene, dichloroethylenes (cis, 1,1, and trans isomers), methylene chloride, and vinyl chloride. dechlorination is an attractive technology for the remediation of PCE-contaminated groundwater.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40901148), the Science and Technology Committee Research Program of Shanghai (12DZ0502700), the Environmental Protection Science and Technology Research Program of Shanghai (2012-03), the National Forestry Public Welfare Science and Technology Research Program of China (201104088), and the National Environmental Protection Public Welfare Science and Technology Research Program of China (201109013). The authors also would like to thank the anonymous referees for their helpful comments on this paper.
References
Boparai, H. K., Shea, P. J., Comfort, S. D., and Machacek, T. A. (2008). “Sequencing zero valent iron treatment with carbon amendments to remediate agrichemical-contaminated soil.” Water Air Soil Poll., 193(1–4), 189–196.
Boutonnet, M., Kizling, J., Stenius, P., and Maire, G. (1982). “The preparation of monodisperse colloidal metal particles from micro emulsions.” Colloids Surf., 5(3), 209–225.
Bryers, J. D., and Sharp, R. R. (1997). “Retention and expression of recombinant plasmids in suspended and biofilm-bound bacteria degrading trichloroethene (TCE).” Water Sci. Technol., 36(10), 1–8.
Cai, X. D., Du, W. T., Wu, J. Y., Li, R. F., Guo, Y., and Yang, Z. J. (2012). “Effective treatment of trichloroethylene-contaminated soil by hydrogen peroxide in soil slurries.” Pedosphere, 22(4), 572–579.
Capecchi, C., and Bezbaruah, A. N. (2011). “Arsenic contaminated groundwater remediation by entrapped nanoscale zero-valent iron.” World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, American Society of Civil Engineers, Palm Springs, CA, 3389–3395.
Chen, D. H., and Wu, S. H. (2000). “Synthesis of nickel nano particles in water in oil micro emulsions.” Chem. Mater., 12(5), 1354–1360.
Cheng, S. F., and Wu, S. C. (2001). “Feasibility of using metals to remediate water containing TCE.” Chemosphere, 43(8), 1023–1028.
Cho, Y., and Choi, S. (2010). “Degradation of PCE, TCE and 1,1,1-TCA by nanosized FePd bimetallic particles under various experimental conditions.” Chemosphere, 81(7), 940–945.
Choi, J., Batchelor, B., and Chung, J. (2010). “Reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethylene by green rusts modified with copper.” Water Air Soil Poll., 212(1–4), 407–417.
Chu, K. H., and Jewell, W. J. (1994). “Treatment of tetrachloroethylene with anaerobic attached film process.” J. Environ. Eng., 120(1), 58–72.
Cox, C. D., Woo, H. J., and Robinson, K. G. (1998). “Cometabolic biodegradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in the gas phase.” Water Sci. Technol., 37(8), 97–104.
Demond, A. H. (1985). “Leaching of tetrachloroethylene from vinyl-lined pipe.” J. Environ. Eng., 111(1), 1–10.
Den, W., Ravindran, V., and Pirbazari, M. (2006). “Photooxidation and biotrickling filtration for controlling industrial emissions of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene.” Chem. Eng. Sci., 61(24), 7909–7923.
Doong, R. A., Chen, K. T., and Tsai, H. C. (2003). “Reductive dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethylene by zero valent silicon-iron reductants.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 37(11), 2575–2581.
Doong, R. A., and Lai, Y. L. (2006). “Effect of metal ions and humic acid on the dechlorination of tetrachloroethylene by zero valent iron.” Chemosphere, 64(2), 371–378.
Dou, X. M., Li, R., Zhao, B., and Liang, W. Y. (2010). “Arsenate removal from water by zero-valent iron/activated carbon galvanic couples.” J. Hazard. Mater., 182(1–3), 108–114.
Glod, G., Brodmann, U., Angst, W., Holliger, C., and Schwarzenbach, R. P. (1997). “Cobalamin-mediated reduction of cis- and trans dichloroethene, 1,1-dichloroethene, and vinyl chloride in homogeneous aqueous solution: Reaction kinetics and mechanistic considerations.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 31(11), 3154–3160.
Harendra, S., and Vipulanandan, C. (2008). “Degradation of high concentrations of PCE solubilized in SDS and biosurfactant with bi-metallic particles.” Colloids Surf. A, 322(1–3), 6–13.
Huang, Y. H., and Zhang, T. C. (2005). “Effects of dissolved oxygen on formation of corrosion products and concomitant oxygen and nitrate reduction in zero-valent iron systems with or without aqueous .” Water Res., 39(9), 1751–1760.
Imoberdorf, G. E., Cassano, A. E., Irazoqui, H. A., and Alfano, O. M. (2007). “Simulation of a multi-annular photocatalytic reactor for degradation of perchloroethylene in air: Parametric analysis of radiative energy efficiencies.” Chem. Eng. Sci., 62(4), 1138–1154.
Imoberdorf, G. E., Irazoqui, H. A., Cassano, A. E., and Alfano, O. M. (2005). “Photocatalytic degradation of tetrachloroethylene in gas phase on films: A kinetic study.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44(16), 6075–6085.
Johnson, T. L., Scherer, M. M., and Tratnyek, P. G. (1996). “Kinetics of halogenated organic compound degradation by iron metal.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 30(8), 2634–2640.
Jovanovic, G., Plazl, P., Sakrittichai, P., and Al-Khaldi, K. (2005). “Dechlorination of p-chlorophenol in a microreactor with bimetallic Pd/Fe catalyst.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44(14), 5099–5106.
Lee, K. Y., and Lee, J. Y. (2005). “Photochemical destruction of tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene from the exhaust of an air stripper.” J. Environ. Eng., 131(10), 1441–1446.
Lee, K. Y., Lee, J. Y., Khinast, J., Stencel, J. R., and Lavid, M. (2004). “Photochemical remediation of tetrachloroethylene: Reactor design, construction, and preliminary results.” J. Environ. Eng., 130(1), 100–103.
Levy, D. B., and Casey, W. H. (1995). “Experiments illustrating metal hydrolysis and redox equilibria in acid-mine waters.” J. Nat. Resour. Life Sci. Educ., 24(1), 27–32.
Li, L. (2012). “Air-stripping and reduction for the simulated treatment of the groundwater polluted by chlorinated aliphatics hydrocarbons at contaminated sites.” M.S. thesis, East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
Li, Z. H., Jones, H. K., Bowman, R. S., and Helferich, R. (1999). “Enhanced reduction of chromate and PCE by palletized surfactant-modified zeolite/zerovalent iron.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 33(23), 4326–4330.
Lin, Q., Plagentz, V., Schafer, D., and Dahmke, A. (2007). “Remediation of trichloroethylene and monochlorobenzene-contaminated aquifers using the system: Volatilization, precipitation, and porosity losses.” Pedosphere, 17(1), 109–116.
Maymó-Gatell, X., Anguish, T., and Zinder, S. H. (1999). “Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes and 1, 2-dichloroethane by ‘dehalococcoides ethenogenes’ 195.” Appl. Environ. Microb., 65(7), 3108–3113.
Origin 8.0 [computer software]. OriginLab, Northampton, MA.
Pohjoranta, A., Mendelson, A., and Tenno, R. (2010). “A copper electrolysis cell model including effects of the ohmic potential loss in the cell.” Electrochim. Acta, 55(3), 1001–1012.
Sato, C., and Ogle, S. M. (2003). “Modeling tetrachloroethylene decomposition in photosonolysis reactor.” J. Environ. Eng., 129(2), 136–146.
Scherer, M. M., Balko, B. A., and Tratnyek, P. G. (1998). “Mineral-water interfacial reactions: Kinetics and mechanisms.” ACS Symp. Series 715, D. L. Sparks and T. J. Grundl, eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 301–322.
Tsai, T. T., Kao, C. M., and Wang, J. Y. (2011). “Remediation of TCE-contaminated groundwater using acid/BOF slag enhanced chemical oxidation.” Chemosphere, 83(5), 687–692.
Volpe, A., Moro, G. D., Rossetti, S., Tandoi, V., and Lopez, A. (2007). “Remediation of PCE-contaminated groundwater from an industrial site in southern Italy: A laboratory-scale study.” Process Biochem., 42(11), 1498–1505.
Wu, D. Y., and Ma, L. M. (2005). “Dechlorination of chlorinated organic matter in aqueous solution by catalytic reduction.” Ind. Water Treat., 25(1), 21–24.
Wust, W. F., Kober, R., Schlicker, O., and Dahmke, A. (1999). “Combined zero- and first-order kinetic model of the degradation of TCE and cis-DCE with commercial iron.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 33(23), 4304–4309.
Xu, J., Li, G. Z., Zhang, Z. Q., Zhou, G. W., and Ji, K. J. (2001). “A study of the microstructure of CTAB/1-butanol/octane/water system by PGSE-NMR, conductivity and Cryo-TEM.” Colloids Surf. A, 191(3), 266–269.
Xu, W. Y., and Gao, T. Y. (2007). “Dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride by the catalyzed Fe–Cu process.” J. Environ. Sci., 19(7), 792–799.
Zhang, W. X., Wang, C. B., and Lien, H. L. (1998). “Treatment of chlorinated organic contaminants with nanoscale bi-metallic particles.” Catal. Today, 40(4), 387–395.
Zhang, X. L., Deng, B. L., Guo, J., Wang, Y., and Lan, Y. Q. (2011). “Ligand-assisted degradation of carbon tetrachloride by microscale zero-valent iron.” J. Environ. Manage., 92(4), 1328–1333.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 27, 2012
Accepted: Jan 7, 2013
Published online: Jan 9, 2013
Published in print: Jun 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.