Application of Isotherm and Kinetic Models for the Removal of Lead Ions from Aqueous Solutions
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 139, Issue 3
Abstract
The aims of the current study were to evaluate the ability of three types of Thai bentonite (TNBC) for the removal of lead ions [Pb(II)] from aqueous solutions. Batch-adsorption kinetic experiments revealed that the sorption of Pb(II) onto TNBCs was very fast and reached equilibrium after 30 min. The adsorption mechanisms in the Pb(II)/TNBC system follow pseudo–second order reactions. The adsorption isotherm of Pb(II) follows both Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum adsorption capacities for the three tested clays were 45.46, 40.00, and , respectively. The results also revealed that the sorption energy (-value) were 15.18, 11.85, and , respectively, for the three tested clays. Desorption of Pb(II) ions and regeneration of the natural clays were attained simultaneously by acid elution. Even after four cycles of adsorption–elution, the adsorption capacity was maintained, and the decline in efficiency was less than 10%. It is concluded that Thai bentonite has an affinity to lead ions from aqueous solutions and might have a potential to be used effectively to remove Pb(II) wastewater.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt (Project # S90402) and Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
References
Abdel-Wahhab, M. A., Nada, S. A., and Khalil, F. A. (2002). “Physiological and toxicological responses in rats fed aflatoxin-contaminated diet with or without sorbent materials.” Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 97(3–4), 209–219.
Adebowale, K. O., Unuabonah, I. E., and Olu-Owolabi, B. I. (2006). “The effect of some operating variables on the adsorption of lead and cadmium ions on kaolinite clay.” J. Hazard. Mater., 134(1–3), 130–139.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (2007). “CERCLA priority list of hazardous substances.” 〈http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/SPL/resources/index.html〉 (Oct. 25, 2011).
American Public Health Association (APHA). (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st Ed., A. E., Greenperg, ed., American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) & Water Environment Federation (WEF), Washington, DC.
Amuda, O. S., Giwa, A. A., and Bello, I. A. (2007). “Removal of heavy metal from industrial wastewater using modified activated coconut shell carbon.” Biochem. Eng. J., 36(2), 174–181.
An, H. K., Park, B. Y., and Kim, D. S. (2001). “Crab shell for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution.” Water Res., 35(15), 3551–3556.
Aoyama, M. (2003). “Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution by London plane leaves.” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 78(5), 601–604.
Apostoli, P., and Catalani, S. (2011). “Metalionsaffectingreproductionanddevelopment.” Met. Ions Life Sci., 8, 263–303.
Ayari, F., Srasra, E., and Trabelsi-Ayadi, M. (2007). “Retention of lead from an aqueous solution by use of bentonite as adsorbent for reducing leaching from industrial effluents.” Desalination, 206(1–3), 270–278.
Babel, S., and Kurniawan, T. A. (2003). “Low-cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water: A review.” J. Hazard. Mater., 97(1–3), 219–243.
Bhattacharya, A. K., Naiya, T. K., Mandal, S. N., and Das, S. K. (2008). “Adsorption, kinetics and equilibrium studies on removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using different low cost adsorbents.” Chem. Eng. J., 137(5), 529–541.
Bhattacharyya, K. G., and Gupta, S. S. (2008). “Adsorption of a few heavy metals on natural and modified kaolinite and montmorillonite: A review.” Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 140(2), 114–131.
Castro, G. A., Echegarrua, M. G., Perez, M. A., Moreno-Tost, R., Rodrıguez-Castellon, E., and Jimenez-Lopez, A. (2008). “Adsorption properties of natural and Cu(II), Zn(II), Ag(I) exchanged cuban mordenites, microporous and mesoporous.” Materials, 108(1–3), 325–332.
Chaari, I., et al. (2008). “Lead removal from aqueous solutions by a Tunisian smectitic clay.” J. Hazard. Mater., 156(1–3), 545–551.
Chen, H., and Wang, A. (2007). “Kinetic and isothermal studies of lead ion adsorption onto palygorskite clay.” J. Colloid Interface. Sci., 307(2), 309–316.
Cheung, C. W., Porter, J. F., and McKay, G. (2001). “Sorption kinetic analysis for the removal of cadmium ions from effluents using bone char.” Water Res., 35(3), 605–612.
Chien, S. H., and Clayton, W. R. (1980). “Application of Elovich equation to the kinetics of phosphate release and sorption on soils.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44(2), 265–268.
Conrad, K., and Hansen, C. B. (2007). “Hansen, sorption of zinc and lead on coir.” Bioresour. Technol., 98(1), 89–97.
El-Kady, A. A., et al. (2009). “Adsorption of ions on an Egyptian montmorillonite and toxicological effects in rats.” Appl. Clay Sci., 44(1–2), 59–66.
El-Nekeety, A. A., El-Kady, A. A., Soliman, M. S., Hassan, N. S., and Abdel-Wahhab, M. A. (2009). “Protective effect of Aquilegia vulgaris (L.) against lead acetate-induced oxidative stress in rats.” Food Chem. Toxicol., 47(9), 2209–2215.
Eloussaief, M., and Benzina, M. (2010). “Efficiency of natural and acid-activated clays in the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions.” J. Hazard. Mater., 178(1–3), 753–757.
Girgis, B. S., El-Kady, A. A., Attia, A. A., Fathy, N. A., and Abdel-Wahhab, M. A. (2009). “Impact of air convection on -activated biomass for sequestration of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions.” Carbon Lett., 10(2), 114–122.
Gupta, S. S., and Bhattacharyya, K. G. (2005). “Interaction of metal ions with clays: I. A case study with Pb(II).” Appl. Clay Sci., 30(3–4), 199–208.
Gupta, V. K., Agarwal, S., and Saleh, T. A. (2011). “Synthesis and characterization of alumina-coated carbon nanotubes and their application for lead removal.” J. Hazard. Mater., 185(1), 17–23.
Gupta, V. K., and Rastogi, A. (2008). “Biosorption of lead from aqueous solutions by green algae spirogyra species: Kinetics and equilibrium studies.” J. Hazard. Mater., 152(1), 407–414.
Haron, J. M., Siang, P. O., and Kassim, A. (2008). “Sorption of arsenate by Stannum (IV)-exchanged zeolite.” J. Analyt. Sci., 12(2), 310–321.
Hasany, S. M., Saeed, M. M., and Ahmed, M. (2002). “Sorption and thermodynamic behavior of zinc(II)-thiocyanate complexes onto polyurethane foam from acidic solutions.” J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 252(3), 477–484.
Helferrich, F. (1962). Ion exchange, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Hirata, S., Honda, K., and Kumamru, T. (1989). “Trace metal enrichment by automated on-line column preconcentration for flow-injection atomic absorption spectrometry.” Anal. Chim. Acta, 221, 65–76.
Ho, Y. S., and McKay, G. (1998). “Kinetic model for lead (II) sorption on peat.” Adsorpt. Sci. Technol., 16(4), 243–255.
Ho, Y. S., Mckay, G., Wase, D. J., and Foster, C. F. (2000). “Study of the sorption of divalent metal ions on to peat.” Ads. Sci. Tech., 18(7), 639–650.
Ho, Y. S., Wase, D. A. J., and Forster, C. F. (1996). “Kinetic studies of competitive heavy metal adsorption by sphagnum moss peat.” Environ. Tech., 17(1), 71–77.
Inglethrope, S. D. J., Morgan, D. J., Highley, D. E., and Bloodworth, A. J. (1993). “Industrial mineral laboratory manual: Bentonite.”, Mineralogy and Petrology Series, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Iqbal, M., and Edyvean, R. G. J. (2004). “Biosorption of lead, copper and zinc ions on loofa sponge immobilized biomass of Phanerochaete chrysosporium.” Miner. Eng., 17(2), 217–223.
Jiang, M. Q., Jin, X. Y., Lu, X. O., and Chen, Z. L. (2010). “Adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) onto natural kaolinite clay.” Desalination, 252(1–3), 33–39.
Kahr, G., and Madsen, E. T. (1995). “Determination of the cation exchange capacity and the surface area of bentonite, illite and kaolinite by methylene blue adsorption.” Appl. Clay Sci., 9(5), 327–336.
Karamanis, D., and Assimakopoulos, P. A. (2007). “Efficiency of aluminum-pillared montmorillonite on the removal of cesium and copper from aqueous solutions.” Water Res., 41(9), 1897–1906.
Khan, A. S., Rehman, R. U., and Khan, A. M. (1995). “Adsorption of chromium (III), chromium (VI) and silver (I) on bentonite.” Waste Manage., 15(4), 271–282.
Khazali, O., Abu-El-Halawa, R., and Al-Souod, K. (2007). “Removal of copper (II) from aqueous solution by Jordanian pottery materials.” J. Hazard. Mater., 139(1), 67–71.
Kilislioðlu, A., and Bilgin, B. (2003). “Thermodynamic and kinetic investigations of uranium adsorption on amberlite IR-118H resin.” Appl. Radiat. Isotopes, 58(2), 155–160.
Kongsricharoern, N., and Polprasert, C. (1996). “Chromium removal by a bipolar electrochemical precipitation process.” Water Sci. Technol., 34(9), 109–116.
Lagergren, S. (1898). “Zur theorie der sogenannten adsorption geloster stoffe. Kungliga Sevenska Vetenskapasakademiens.” Handlingar, 24(4), 1–39 (in Swedish).
Lalitagauri, R., Subham, P., Debabrata, B., and Parimal, C. (2000). “Bioaccumulation of Pb (II) from aqueous solutions by Bacillus cereus M16.” J. Hazard. Subst. Res., 5, 516–529.
Lin, S. H., Lai, S. L., and Leu, H. G. (2000). “Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by chelating resin in a multistage adsorption process.” J. Hazard. Mater., 76(1), 139–153.
Manohar, D. M., Noeline, B. F., and Anirudhan, T. S. (2006). “Adsorption performance of Al-pillared bentonite clay for the removal of cobalt (II) from aqueous phase.” Appl. Clay Sci., 31(3–4), 194–201.
Naiya, T. K., Bhattacharya, A. K., and Das, S. K. (2008). “Adsorption of Cd(II) from aqueous solutions using clarified sludge.” J. Colloid Interface Sci., 325(1), 48–56.
Naiya, T. K., Bhattacharya, A. K., and Das, S. K. (2009). “Adsorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II) from aqueous solutions on activated alumina.” J. Colloid Interface Sci., 333(1), 14–26.
Ngah, W. S., and Hanafiah, M. A. K. M. (2008). “Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by chemically modified plant wastes as adsorbents: A review.” Bioresour. Technol., 99(10), 3935–3948.
Noroozifar, M., Motlagh, K. M., and Fard, A. P. (2009). “Cyanide uptake from wastewater by modified natrolite zeolite-iron oxyhydroxide system: Application of isotherm and kinetic models.” J. Hazard. Mater., 166(2–3), 1060–1066.
Ortiz, I., Roman, M. F. S., Corvalan, S. M., and Eliceche, A. M. (2003). “Modeling and optimization of an emulsion pertraction process for removal and concentration of Cr(VI).” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42(23), 5891–5899.
Rieman, W., and Walton, H. (1970). Ion exchange in analytical chemistry, International Series of Monographs in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 38, Pergamon, Oxford, UK.
Saleem, M., Afzal, M., Mahmood, F., and Ali, A. (1994). “Surface characterization and thermodynamics of adsorption of Pr, Nd and Er on alumina from aqueous solution.” Adsorp. Sci. Tech., 9(1), 17–29.
Schiewer, S., and Patil, S. B. (2008). “Pectin-rich fruit wastes as biosorbents for heavy metal removal: Equilibrium and kinetics.” Bioresour. Technol., 99(6), 1896–1903.
Singh, S. P., Ma, L. Q., and Hendry, M. J. (2006). “Characterization of aqueous lead removal by phosphatic clay: Equilibrium and kinetic studies.” J. Hazard. Mater., 136(3), 654–662.
Sölener, M., Tunali, S., Özcan, A. S., Özcan, A., and Gedikbey, T. (2008). “Adsorption characteristics of lead (II) ions onto the clay/poly (methoxyethyl) acrylamide (PMEA) composite from aqueous solutions.” Desalination, 223(1–3), 308–322.
Sparks, D. L. (1986). “Kinetics of reaction in pure and mixed systems.” Soil physical chemistry, D. L., Sparks, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 83–145.
Sposito, G., ed. (1981). The thermodynamics of soil solution, Oxford University Press, New York.
Trgo, M., Peric, J., and Medvidovic, N. V. (2006). “A comparative study in ion exchange kinetics in zinc/lead-modified zeolite-clinoptilite systems.” J. Hazard. Mater., 136(3), 938–945.
Turan, M., Mart, U., Yüksel, B., and Çelik, M. S. (2005). “Lead removal in fixed-bed columns by zeolite and sepiolite.” Chemosphere, 60(10), 1487–1492.
Unuabonah, E. I., Adebowale, K. O., Olu-Owolabi, B. I., Yang, L. Z., and Kong, L. X. (2008). “Adsorption of Pb (II) and Cd (II) from aqueous solutions onto sodium tetraborate-modified kaolinite clay: Equilibrium and thermodynamic studies.” Hydrometallurgy, 93(1–2), 1–9.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (1999). “Understanding variation in partition coefficient, , values. Volume II: Review of geochemistry and available values for cadmium, cesium, chromium, lead, plutonium, radon, strontium, thorium, tritium (), and uranium.”, Washington, DC.
Verma, A., Chakraborty, S., and Basu, J. K. (2006). “Adsorption study of hexavalent chromium using tamarind hull-based adsorbents.” Sep. Purif. Technol., 50(3), 336–341.
Volesky, B. (2003). “Biosorption process simulation tools.” Hydrometallurgy, 71(1–2), 179–190.
Yu, B., Zhang, Y., Shukla, A., Shukla, S. S., and Dorris, K. L. (2000). “The removal of heavy metal from aqueous solutions by sawdust adsorption-removal of copper.” J. Hazard. Mater., 80(1–3), 33–42.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 139 • Issue 3 • March 2013
Pages: 349 - 357
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 3, 2012
Accepted: Sep 6, 2012
Published online: Sep 8, 2012
Published in print: Mar 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.