Flocculation, Ozonation, and Fenton’s Process in the Treatment of Distillery Effluents
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 139, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper reports the application of flocculation, Fenton’s process, and ozonation on the depuration of distillery wastewaters. The treatment processes were analyzed separately; nevertheless, integration schemes were also considered. The commercial flocculant 923PWG led to up to 84% of total suspended solids (TSS) removal even if a very low chemical oxygen demand (COD) abatement was observed (). The effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration and molar ratio were tested on the Fenton’s process efficiency. Moreover, the injection mode was still analyzed. Gathering up both COD degradation and biodegradability enhancement, it was possible to select the following operating conditions: and , being the oxidant totally introduced at the beginning of the reaction. Ozonation showed poor results regarding organic matter removal; however, it seems to be an interesting methodology raising the effluent’s biochemical oxygen demand ratio. In fact, in the strategies involving the integration of ozonation with Fenton’s process, it was possible to conclude that ozone oxidation did not improve COD degradation; nonetheless, it was essential to improve biodegradability, particularly when conducting ozonation (at ) after Fenton’s process was revealed to be an interesting approach leading to an effluent amenable to further biodegradation.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Rui C. Martins gratefully acknowledges the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal, for the financial support under the post-doctoral grant (SFRH/BPD/72200/2010). This work was financially supported by FCT-MCTES under the contract PTDC/EQU-ERQ/113308/2009.
References
Álvarez, P. M., Beltrán, F. J., and Rodríguez, E. M. (2005). “Integration of ozonation and an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (AnSBR) for the treatment of cherry stillage.” Biotechnol. Prog., 21(5), 1543–1551.
Beltrán, F. J., Álvarez, P. M., Rodríguez, E. M., García-Araya, J. F., and Rivas, J. (2001). “Treatment of high strength distillery wastewater (cherry stillage) by integrated aerobic biological oxidation and ozonation.” Biotechnol. Prog., 17(3), 462–467.
Beltrán, F. J., García-Araya, J. F., and Álvarez, P. M. (1999). “Wine distillery wastewater degradation. 1. Oxidative treatment using ozone and its effect on the wastewater biodegradability.” J. Agric. Food Chem., 47(9), 3911–3918.
Beltran de Heredia, J., Dominguez, J. R., and Partido, E. (2005). “Physico-chemical treatment for the depuration of wine distillery wastewaters (vinasses).” Water Sci. Technol., 51(1), 159–166.
De Laat, J., and Le, T. (2006). “Effects of chloride ions on the iron(III)-catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and on the efficiency of the Fenton-like oxidation process.” Appl. Catal. B, 66(1–2), 137–146.
Eckenfelder, E. (1989). Industrial water pollution control, McGraw-Hill, Singapore.
Esplugas, S., Contreras, S., and Ollis, D. (2004). “Engineering aspects of the integration of chemical and biological oxidation: Simple mechanistic models for the oxidation treatment.” J. Environ. Eng., 130(9), 967–974.
Gogate, P., and Pandit, A. (2004). “A review of imperative technologies for wastewater treatment I: Oxidation technologies at ambient conditions.” Adv. Environ. Res., 8(3–4), 501–551.
Greenberg, A., Clesceri, L., and Eaton, A. (1985). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
Guedes, A., Madeira, L., Boaventura, R., and Costa, C. (2003). “Fenton oxidation of cork cooking wastewater—overall kinetic analysis.” Water Res., 37(13), 3061–3069.
Hadavifar, M., Zinatizadeh, A., Younesi, H., and Galehdar, M. (2010). “Fenton and photo-Fenton treatment of distillery effluent and optimization of treatment conditions with response surface methodology.” Asia-Pac. J. Chem. Eng., 5(3), 454–464.
Malik, P., and Saha, S. (2003). “Oxidation of direct dyes with hydrogen peroxide using ferrous ion as catalyst.” Sep. Purif. Technol., 31(3), 241–250.
Martins, R. C., Abegão, F. J. R, Silva, A. M. T, and Quinta-Ferreira, R. M. (2009). “Integrated strategy for treatment of winery wastewaters using flocculation, ozonation and Fenton’s oxidation.” J. Adv. Oxid. Technol., 12(2), 255–264.
Martins, R. C., Rossi, A., and Quinta-Ferreira, R. M. (2010). “Fenton’s oxidation process for phenolic wastewater remediation and biodegradability enhancement.” J. Hazard. Mater., 180(1–3), 716–721.
Neyens, E., and Baeyens, J. (2003). “A review of classic Fenton’s peroxidation as an advanced oxidation technique.” J. Hazard. Mater., 98(1–3), 33–50.
Pant, D., and Adholeya, A. (2007). “Biological approaches for treatment of distillery wastewater: A review.” Bioresour. Technol., 98(12), 2321–2334.
Pera-Titus, M., García-Molina, V., Baños, M., Giménez, J., and Esplugas, S. (2004). “Degradation of chlorophenols by means of advanced oxidation processes: A general review.” Appl. Catal. B, 47(4), 219–256.
Peres, J. A., de Carvalho, L. H., Boaventura, R. A., and Costa, C. A. (2004). “Characteristics of p-hydroxybenzoic acid oxidation using Fenton’s reagent.” J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng., 39(11–12), 2897–2913.
Santos, M. A., Bocanegra, J. L., Martín, A., and García, I. (2003). “Ozonation of vinasse in acid and alkaline media.” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 78(11), 1121–1127.
Sarika, R., Kalogerakis, N., and Mantzavinos, D. (2005). “Treatment of olive mill effluents part II. Complete removal of solids by direct flocculation with poly-electrolytes.” Environ. Int., 31(2), 297–304.
Satyawali, Y., and Balakrishnan, M. (2008). “Wastewater treatment in molasses-based alcohol distilleries for COD and color removal: A review.” J. Environ. Manage., 86(3), 481–497.
Sigge, G. O., Green, J., du Plessis, K. R., and Britz, T. J. (2007). “Investigating the effect of ozone on the biodegradability of distillery wastewater.” S. Afr. J. Enol. Vitic., 28(2), 155–162.
Silva, A., Nouli, E., Xekoukoulotakis, N., and Mantzavinos, D. (2007). “Effect of key parameters on phenols degradation during —Assisted photocatalytic treatment of simulated and actual olive mill wastewaters.” Appl. Catal. B, 73(1–2), 11–22.
Strong, P. J. (2010). “Fungal remediation of Amarula distillery wastewater.” World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 26(1), 133–144.
Thanikal, J. V., Torrijos, M., Habouzit, F., and Moletta, R. (2007). “Treatment of distillery vinasse in a high rate anaerobic reactor using low density polyethylene supports.” Water Sci. Technol., 56(2), 17–24.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 139 • Issue 1 • January 2013
Pages: 110 - 116
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 12, 2011
Accepted: Dec 19, 2011
Published online: Dec 23, 2011
Published in print: Jan 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.