Removal of Metal Ions from Storm-Water Runoff by Low-Cost Sorbents: Batch and Column Studies
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 136, Issue 10
Abstract
The possibility of using the sorption technology to reduce the levels of metal ions present in urban storm-water runoff was investigated in this study. Seven sorbent materials including Amberlite XAD7, chitosan, crab shell, peat, Sargassum, sawdust, and sugarcane bagasse were initially examined for removal of 11 metal ions (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) from simulated storm-water runoff at different concentrations. Among these sorbents, crab shell performed well with removal efficiencies exceeding 93% for all heavy metal ions examined and thus selected for further studies. Based on scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, microprecipitation of metal carbonates followed by adsorption onto the surface of crab shell was identified as the major mechanism responsible for removal of heavy metal ions by crab shell. Crab shell exhibited rapid removal of meal ions with attainment of biosorption equilibrium within 20 min. A crab-shell-packed column was used to study the continuous metal retention process. The column performed very well in the removal of heavy metal ions and was able to operate up to 192 h at a flow rate of 10 mL/min before outlet concentrations of Mn and Co reached 0.3 times of their respective inlet concentrations. Other metal ions such as Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, and Cu were only in trace levels in the final effluent until 192 h. These findings would form the basis for the future development of crab-shell-based biofilters for removal of dissolved heavy metal ions from storm-water runoff.
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Acknowledgments
The writers gratefully acknowledge the support and contributions of this project to the Singapore-Delft Water Alliance (SDWA). The research presented in this work was carried out as part of the Singapore-Delft Water Alliance (SDWA)’s research program (Contract No. UNSPECIFIEDR-264-001-002-272). Finally, the authors would like to thank one anonymous journal reviewer who provided constructive comments in the improvement of this paper.
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Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 136 • Issue 10 • October 2010
Pages: 1113 - 1118
Copyright
© 2010 ASCE.
History
Received: May 16, 2009
Accepted: Feb 9, 2010
Published online: Feb 10, 2010
Published in print: Oct 2010
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