Analysis of Regulatory Guidance Values for Residential Surface Soil Arsenic Exposure
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 136, Issue 9
Abstract
Residential surface soil regulatory guidance values (RGVs) specify the threshold at which soil contamination requires action. Usually, RGVs are risk-based values based on child ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 45 U.S. states, and 27 other nations have developed arsenic surface soil RGVs. Regulating arsenic poses unusual problems because it presents both cancer and noncancer risks, and its background concentration often exceeds health-based risk levels. Statistical analyses are presented to characterize 119 arsenic surface soil RGVs. State values vary between 0.039 and 200 mg/kg. Worldwide values vary between 1.7 and 687 mg/kg. The U.S. and worldwide values resemble lognormal probability distributions but the data cannot be mingled since worldwide values are significantly higher. An analysis of 40 arsenic background studies yielding averages between 1.3 and 45.1 mg/kg is also presented. Monte Carlo simulations of screening model calculations are used to explore the impact of coefficient uncertainty. Results indicate that 95% of cancer-based results should fall between 0.004 and 2.7 mg/kg and 95% of noncancer results should fall between 1.0 and 40 mg/kg. Although U.S. state arsenic RGVs vary by 3.7 orders of magnitude, most values appear to fall within the bounds of plausible risk- and background-based values.
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Acknowledgments
Elements of this research were conducted with the support of National Science Foundation Grant No. NSFCMS CBET-0650675 and U.S. Department of Transportation Grant No. UNSPECIFIEDDTRT06-G-0037. The writer also wishes to acknowledge the contributions of Jun Ma, Elijah Petersen and Amy Hanna, Paul Manglona, Mikkail Miller, and Maurice Gayle in helping identify, acquire, and analyze the soil guidance values discussed here.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 136 • Issue 9 • September 2010
Pages: 861 - 877
Copyright
© 2010 ASCE.
History
Received: Jul 14, 2009
Accepted: Jan 8, 2010
Published online: Aug 13, 2010
Published in print: Sep 2010
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