Design of Two-Layered Porous Landscaping Detention Basin
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 12
Abstract
Under the mandate of the Federal Clean Water Act, porous landscaping detention (PLD) has been widely used to increase on-site infiltration. A PLD system consists of a surface storage basin and subsurface filtering layers. The major design parameters for a PLD system are the infiltration rate on the land surface and the seepage rate through the subsurface medium. A low infiltration rate leads to a sizable storage basin while a high infiltration rate results in standing water if the subsurface seepage does not sustain the surface loading. In this study, the design procedure of a PLD basin is revised to take both detention flow hydrology and seepage flow hydraulics into consideration. The design procedure begins with the basin sizing according to the on-site water quality control volume. The ratio of design infiltration rate to sand-mix hydraulic conductivity is the key factor to select the thickness of sand-mix layer underneath a porous bed. The total filtering thickness for both sand-mix and gravel layers is found to be related to the drain time and infiltration rate. The recommended sand-mix and granite gravel layers underneath a PLD basin are reproduced in the laboratory for infiltration tests. The empirical decay curve for sand-mix infiltration rate was derived from the laboratory data and then used to maximize the hydraulic efficiency through the subsurface filtering layers. In this study, it is recommended that a PLD system be designed with the optimal performance to consume the hydraulic head available and then evaluated using the prolonged drain time for potential standing water problems under various clogging conditions.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Bedient, P. B., and Huber, W. C. (1992). Hydrology and floodplain analysis, 2nd Ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.
Davis, A. P., Shokouhian, M., Sharma, H., Minami, C., and Winogradoff, D. (2003). “Water quality improvement through bioretention: Lead, copper, and zinc removal.” Water Envion. Res., 75(1), 73.
Driscoll, E. D., Palhegyi, G. E., Strecker, E. W., and Shelley, P. E. (1989). “Analysis of storm events characteristics for selected rainfall gauges throughout the United States.” EPA, Washington, D.C.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (1986). “Methodology for analysis of detention basins for control of urban runoff quality.” Rep. No. EPA440/5-87-001, EPA, Washington, D.C.
Guo, J. C. Y. (1998). “Surface-subsurface model for trench infiltration basins.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 124(5), 280–284.
Guo, J. C. Y. (2001). “Design of circular infiltration basin under mounding effects.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 127(1), 58–65.
Guo, J. C. Y. (2002). “Overflow risk analysis for stormwater quality control basins.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 7(6), 428–434.
Guo, J. C. Y., and Urbonas, B. (1996). “Maximized detention volume determined by runoff capture ratio.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 122(1), 33–39.
Haliburton, T. A., and Wood, P. D. (1982). “Evaluation of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers gradient ratio test for geotextile performance.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Geotextiles, Las Vegas, Nev.
Horton, R. E. (1933). “The role of infiltration in the hydrologic cycle.” Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 14, 446–460.
Hunt, W. F., Jarrett, A. R., Smith, J. T., and Sharkey, L. J. (2006). “Evaluating bioretention hydrology and nutrient removal at three field sites in North Carolina.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 132(6), 600–608.
Hunt, W. F., and White, N. M. (2001). “Designing rain gardensbio-retention areas.” Continuing education, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State Univ.
Li, H., and Davis, A. P. (2008a). “Urban particle capture in bioretention media. I: Laboratory and field studies.” J. Environ. Eng., 134(6), 409–418.
Li, H., and Davis, A. P. (2008b). “Urban particle capture in bioretention media. II: Theory and model development.” J. Environ. Eng., 134(6), 419–432.
Lucas, W. C., and Greenway, M. (2008). “Nutrient retention in vegetated and nonvegetated bioretention mesocosms.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 134(5), 613–623.
Mays, D. C., and Hunt, R. H. (2005). “Hydrodynamic aspects of particle clogging in porous media.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 577–584.
NCDENR. (2007). North Carloina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources (NCDENR), stormwater best management practices manual, Raleigh, N.C.
Novak, V., Simunek, J., and van Genuchten, M. Th. (2000). “Infiltration of water into soil with cracks.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 126(1), 41–47.
Pitt, R., Lantrip, J., Harrison, R., and O'Connor, T. P. (1999). Infiltration through disturbed urban soils and compost-amended soil effects on runoff quality and quantity, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Schwartz, F. W., and Zhang, H. (2003). Fundamentals of groundwater, Wiley, New York.
Shani, U., Xue, S., Gordin-Katz, R., and Warrick, A. W. (1996). “Soil-limiting flow from subsurface emitters. I: Pressure measurements.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 122(5), 291–295.
Sun, X. (2004). “Dynamic study of heavy metal fates in bioretention systems.” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Md.
USWDCM. (2001). Urban storm drainage criteria manual (USWDCM), volume 3—Best management practices, Urban Drainage and Flood Control District, Denver.
Wanielista, M. P., and Yousef, Y. A. (1993). Storm water management, Wiley, New York.
Winogradoff, D. A. (2001). The bioretention manual, 2001 update, Dept. of Environmental Resources, Price George’s County, Md.
Woolhiser, D. A., and Pegram, G. G. S. (1979). “Maximum likelihood estimation of Fourier coefficients to describe seasonal variations of parameters in stochastic daily precipitation models.” J. Appl. Meteorol., 18, 34–42.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Aug 29, 2008
Accepted: Jun 1, 2009
Published online: Jun 2, 2009
Published in print: Dec 2009
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.