Abstract
The large strain nonlinear thaw consolidation model developed by Dumais and Konrad is used to analyze the Inuvik experimental warm-oil pipeline built on ice-rich permafrost foundations. The predictions for the thaw penetration rate, the final thaw settlements, the settlement rate, and the maximum excess pore water pressure compare favorably with the field observations. The modeling results are compared with the results obtained by the small strain linear thaw consolidation theory formulated by Morgenstern and Nixon. The Dumais and Konrad model offers a notable increase in precision given the large strain configuration used for the definition of the thaw penetration rate and the nonlinear characterization of the and relationships. The Dumais and Konrad model improves on the formulation of one-dimensional thaw consolidation theory to yield a lifelike assessment of thaw consolidation by the introduction of a second moving boundary at the surface and by considering the changes of soil properties as thaw consolidation proceeds. An important practical implication of the model is the ability to handle a complex initial frozen soil profile and its corresponding soil properties.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Financial support for this research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Fonds de recherche du Québec Nature et technologies (FRQNT). The authors would like to acknowledge their predecessors, G.H. Watson, W.A. Slusarchuk, R.K. Rowley, and T.L. Speer, whose work in documenting the Inuvik pipeline experiment was instrumental in the preparation of this paper.
References
Côté, J., and J.-M. Konrad. 2005. “A generalized thermal conductivity model for soils and construction materials.” Can. Geotech. J. 42 (2): 443–458. https://doi.org/10.1139/t04-106.
Davis, E. H., and G. P. Raymond. 1965. “A non-linear theory of consolidation.” Geotechnique 15 (2): 161–173. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1965.15.2.161.
Dumais, S., and J.-M. Konrad. 2016. “Compressibility and hydraulic conductivity of thawed fine-grained permafrost.” In Proc., 11th Int. Symp. on Cold Regions Development: Energy Development in Cold Regions. Incheon, South Korea: International Association for Cold Region Development, Incheon National Univ.
Dumais, S., and J.-M. Konrad. 2018. “One-dimensional large-strain thaw consolidation using nonlinear effective stress–void ratio–hydraulic conductivity relationships.” Can. Geotech. J. 55 (3): 414–426. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0221.
Gibson, R. E., R. L. Schiffman, and K. W. Cargill. 1981. “The theory of one-dimensional consolidation of saturated clays. II: Finite nonlinear consolidation of thick homogeneous layers.” Can. Geotech. J. 18 (2): 280–293. https://doi.org/10.1139/t81-030.
Konrad, J.-M. 1988. “Influence of freezing mode on frost heave characteristics.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 15 (2): 161–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(88)90062-6.
Konrad, J.-M. 2010. “Hydraulic conductivity changes of a low-plasticity till subjected to freeze-thaw cycles.” Géotechnique 60 (9): 679–690. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.08.P.020.
Konrad, J.-M., and M. Samson. 2000. “Hydraulic conductivity of kaolinite-silt mixtures subjected to closed-system freezing and thaw consolidation.” Can. Geotech. J. 37 (4): 857–869. https://doi.org/10.1139/t00-003.
Morgenstern, N. R., and J. F. Nixon. 1971. “One-dimensional consolidation of thawing soils.” Can. Geotech. J. 8 (4): 558–565. https://doi.org/10.1139/t71-057.
Morgenstern, N. R., and J. F. Nixon. 1975. “An analysis of the performance of a warm-oil pipeline in permafrost, Inuvik, NWT.” Can. Geotech. J. 12 (2): 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1139/t75-024.
Nixon, J. F. 1973. “The consolidation of thawing soils.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Alberta.
Nixon, J. F., and E. C. McRoberts. 1973. “A study of some factors affecting the thawing of frozen soils.” Can. Geotech. J. 10 (3): 439–452. https://doi.org/10.1139/t73-037.
Slusarchuk, W. A., G. H. Watson, and T. L. Speer. 1973. “Instrumentation around a warm oil pipeline buried in permafrost.” Can. Geotech. J. 10 (2): 227–245. https://doi.org/10.1139/t73-021.
Smith, M. W. 1985. “Observations of soil freezing and frost heave at Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada.” Can. J. Earth Sci. 22 (2): 283–290. https://doi.org/10.1139/e85-024.
Sykes, J. F., W. C. Lennox, and T. E. Unny. 1974. “Two-dimensional heated pipeline in permafrost.” J. Geotech. Eng. Div. 100 (GT11): 1203–1214.
Watson, G. H., R. K. Rowley, and W. A. Slusarchuk. 1973. “Performance of a warm-oil pipeline buried in permafrost.” In Proc., North American Contribution to the 2nd Int. Conf. on Permafrost, 759–766. National Academy of Sciences: Washington, DC.
Watson, G. H., R. K. Rowley, and T. L. Speer. 1972. Inuvik frozen core testing. Calgary, AB, Canada: Mackenzie Valley Pipe Line Research.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Volume 33 • Issue 1 • March 2019
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 27, 2018
Accepted: Aug 24, 2018
Published online: Dec 22, 2018
Published in print: Mar 1, 2019
Discussion open until: May 22, 2019
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Buried pipes
- Cold regions engineering
- Consolidated soils
- Continuum mechanics
- Dynamics (solid mechanics)
- Engineering mechanics
- Frost
- Frozen soils
- Geomechanics
- Geotechnical engineering
- Infrastructure
- Material mechanics
- Materials engineering
- Nonlinear analysis
- Permafrost
- Pipeline systems
- Pipes
- Pressure (type)
- Soil mechanics
- Soil properties
- Soils (by type)
- Solid mechanics
- Strain
- Structural analysis
- Structural engineering
- Water pressure
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.