Abstract
This paper presents the results of damage surveys in Mirpur, in the Azad Jammu and Kashmir region of Pakistan, which was affected by a moderate earthquake on September 24, 2019. The epicenter of this earthquake was near the city of Mirpur at a shallow depth of no more than 10 km. Rupture of ground surface was observed in the area close to the epicenter, which can be associated with the release of seismic energy at shallow depths. The ground acceleration recorded at the site close to the epicenter was influenced by the rupture directivity effects. A significantly high vertical component of ground acceleration was observed at a site in close vicinity of the epicenter. Ground-motion amplification was also indicated by the data analysis in the presence of soft soil. A few low- to medium-rise reinforced concrete buildings were severely damaged by the ground shaking. The columns in these buildings experienced compression or shear-compression mode of failure in the presence of high axial compression applied by the vertical seismic forces and/or overturning moment. The longitudinal bars in the columns also buckled due to high axial compression demands coupled with insufficient confinement in the plastic hinging regions.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the logistical support provided by the staff members at Mirpur University of Science & Technology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, during the surveys and data collection for the presented studies in this paper. Professor Humberto Varum acknowledges the financial support provided by the Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007457—CONSTRUCT—Institute of R&D in Structures and Construction, funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020—Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI)—and by national funds through FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia).
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Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 36 • Issue 5 • October 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 5, 2021
Accepted: Apr 21, 2022
Published online: Jun 30, 2022
Published in print: Oct 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Nov 30, 2022
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Compression
- Concrete
- Concrete structures
- Continuum mechanics
- Damage (material)
- Damage (structural)
- Dynamics (solid mechanics)
- Earthquakes
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering materials (by type)
- Engineering mechanics
- Forensic engineering
- Geohazards
- Geotechnical engineering
- Geotechnical investigation
- Ground motion
- Materials characterization
- Materials engineering
- Reinforced concrete
- Seismic tests
- Solid mechanics
- Structural dynamics
- Structural engineering
- Structures (by type)
- Tests (by type)
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