Experimental Study on Performance of Frame Structure Strengthened with Foamed Aluminum under Debris Flow Impact
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 34, Issue 2
Abstract
It is well recognized that debris flow is a threatening natural hazard that can apply a large impact force on building structures. To increase structural safety, it is imperative to understand the structural performance under the debris flow impact. This paper proposes a method of using foamed aluminum to improve the capacity of buildings to resist debris flow, and validates its effectiveness through a series of impact tests. The results show that the frame structure strengthened with foamed aluminum is effective to resist the debris flow impact. The proposed method has a double protection mechanism. When the impact load is relatively small, the foamed aluminum can fully absorb the impact energy; when the impact energy is large enough, the hardened foamed aluminum can, after repeated loadings, restrain the concrete and further enhance the bearing capacity of the column. Under the step-loading cases, the traditional frame column is not only damaged at an earlier stage than the strengthened one, but also has a greater deflection after failure. This indicates that the main deformation of the structure is concentrated on the impacted column. Using the foamed aluminum to strengthen the frame column, the impact resistance of the overall structure is noticeably improved because of the buffer effect. In addition, the novel strengthened frame structure has a more efficient force transmission mechanism, making full use of other structural components to dissipate the impact energy. This study would be helpful in the design of buildings in debris flow–prone areas.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Financial support from National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC0705602) is highly appreciated. Financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51922080) and the National Key Technology R&D Program (2014BAL05B01) are also highly appreciated.
References
Aronne, A., and L. Michele. 2001. “Rational criterion for designing opening of slit-check dam.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 127 (2): 94–104. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:2(94).
Ashby, M. F., and L. J. Gibson. 1997. Cellular solids: Structure and properties. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Canelli, L., A. M. Ferrero, M. Migliazza, and A. Segalini. 2012. “Debris flow risk mitigation by the means of rigid and flexible barriers-experimental tests and impact analysis.” Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 12 (5): 1693–1699. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1693-2012.
Chen, J. G., X. Q. Chen, Y. Li, and F. Wang. 2015. “An experimental study of dilute debris flow characteristics in a drainage channel with an energy dissipation structure.” Eng. Geol. 193 (Jul): 224–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.05.004.
Chen, X. Z., and Y. F. Cui. 2017. “The formation of the Wulipo landslide and the resulting debris flow in Dujiangyan City, China.” J. Mt. Sci. 14 (6): 1100–1112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-017-4392-1.
Day, R. W. 1994. “Case study of debris flow.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 8 (3): 192–200. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(1994)8:3(192).
Ferrero, A. M., G. P. Giani, and A. Segalini. 2010. “Numerical and experimental analysis of debris flow protection fence efficiency.” In Proc., ISRM Int. Symp.-EUROCK 2010, 575–578. Lisbon, Portugal: International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.
Gibson, L. J., and M. F. Ashby. 1999. Cellular solids: Structure and properties. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Hu, K. H., P. Cui, and J. Q. Zhang. 2012. “Characteristics of damage to buildings by debris flows on 7 August 2010 in Zhouqu, Western China.” Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 12 (7): 2209. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-2209-2012.
Kozo, O., T. Hiroki, and S. Hendro. 2015. “Shock-absorbing capability of lightweight concrete utilizing volcanic pumice aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater. 83 (May): 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.019.
Li, J. J., X. L. Wang, Y. P. Zhu, W. G. Luo, Y. X. Liang, and C. Wu. 2015. “Experimental study on dynamic response of debris flow dam with braces under impact loads.” [In Chinese.] J. Vib. Shock 34 (18): 79–86.
Li, P. Z., T. Z. H. Li, Z. Lu, and J. Li. 2017b. “Study on dynamic response of novel masonry structures impacted by debris flow.” Sustainability 9 (7): 1122. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071122.
Li, P. Z., S. T. Liu, and Z. Lu. 2017a. “Experimental study on the performance of polyurethane-steel sandwich structure under debris flow.” Appl. Sci. 7 (10): 1018. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7101018.
Liu, S. L., Y. You, J. F. Liu, Y. B. Zhao, and X. P. Lin. 2015. “Experimental study on performance of window-frame dam intercepting debris flow.” [In Chinese.] J. Yangtze River Sci. Res. Inst. 32 (8): 40–44.
Lu, Z., Y. L. Yang, X. L. Lu, and C. Q. Liu. 2017. “Preliminary study on the damping effect of a lateral damping buffer under a debris flow load.” Appl. Sci. 7 (2): 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7020201.
Sadot, O., I. Anteby, S. Harush, O. Levintant, E. Nizri, B. Ostraich, A. Shenker, E. Gal, Y. Kivity, and G. Ben-Dor. 2005. “Experimental investigation of dynamic properties of aluminum foams.” J. Struct. Eng. 131 (8): 1226–1232. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:8(1226).
Schenker, A., I. Anteby, E. Nizri, B. Ostraich, Y. Kivity, O. Sadot, O. Haham, R. Michaelis, E. Gal, and G. Ben-Dor. 2005. “Foam-protected reinforced concrete structures under impact: Experimental and numerical studies.” J. Struct. Eng. 131 (8): 1233–1242. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:8(1233).
Wang, D. P., W. Li, S. M. He, and Y. Wu. 2016. “Structural optimization of aluminum foam sandwich panel for bridge pier reinforcement across debris flow in mountain areas.” [In Chinese.] J. Vib. Shock 35 (10): 108–114.
Wang, F., X. Q. Chen, J. G. Chen, and Y. You. 2017. “Experimental study on a debris-flow drainage channel with different types of energy dissipation baffles.” Eng. Geol. 220 (Mar): 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.01.014.
Wu, C., L. Huang, and D. J. Oehlers. 2011. “Blast testing of aluminum foam—protected reinforced concrete slabs.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 25 (5): 464–474. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000163.
Xia, Y., C. Wu, and Z. X. Li. 2015. “Optimized design of foam cladding for protection of reinforced concrete members under blast loading.” J. Struct. Eng. 141 (9): 06014010. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001190.
Yin, Y., Y. Cheng, J. Liang, and W. Wang. 2016. “Heavy-rainfall-induced catastrophic rockslide-debris flow at Sanxicun, Dujiangyan, after the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake.” Landslides 13 (1): 9–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-015-0554-9.
You, Y., H. L. Pan, J. F. Liu, and G. Q. Ou. 2011. “The optimal cross-section design of the ‘Trapezoid-V’ shaped drainage channel of viscous debris flow.” J. Mt. Sci. 8 (1): 103–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-011-1023-0.
Zeng, C., P. Cui, Z. M. Su, Y. Lei, and R. Chen. 2015. “Failure modes of reinforced concrete columns of buildings under debris flow impact.” Landslides 12 (3): 561–571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-014-0490-0.
Zhang, Y., F. Q. Wei, S. W. Jia, and B. Liu. 2006. “Experimental research of unreinforced masonry wall under dynamic impact of debris flow.” [In Chinese.] J. Mt. Sci. 24 (3): 340–345.
Zhang, Y., F. Q. Wei, and Q. Wang. 2007. “Experimental research of reinforced concrete buildings struck by debris flow in mountain areas of western China.” Wuhan Univ. J. Nat. Sci. 12 (4): 645–650. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11859-006-0339-z.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 34 • Issue 2 • April 2020
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 3, 2019
Accepted: Aug 13, 2019
Published online: Jan 23, 2020
Published in print: Apr 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Jun 23, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.