Technical Papers
Oct 30, 2019

Monitoring Dynamic Properties of a Pres-Lam Structure: Trimble Navigation Office

Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 34, Issue 1

Abstract

Pres-Lam technology relies on unbonded post-tensioning tendons to provide moment capacity to timber beam-column, wall-foundation, or column-foundation connections. When designing buildings for high-seismic-risk areas, additional energy dissipation can be introduced by mild steel bars or replaceable damping devices. After a comprehensive testing program started in 2005, Pres-Lam technology was implemented in several buildings in New Zealand and worldwide. Although extensive information regarding test results is present in the literature, little information is available about the actual behavior of buildings in practice. This paper shows how an operative Pres-Lam structure performed as monitored over a 3-year period. Results show that the natural properties of the building are independent of the average post-tensioning loss, which was found to be equal to 5% in 3 years. Due to the natural torsional behavior of the building, the accelerations recorded were found to be around 25% higher than the spectral ones. Despite this fact, the building responded elastically to a moderate seismic event, as per design.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Mr. Paul Drummond from Trimble for providing the data on the building.

References

Allemang, R. J., and D. L. Brown. 1982. “A correlation coefficient for modal vector analysis.” In Vol. 1 of Proc., 1st Int. Modal Analysis Conf. SEM Orlando, 110–116. Bethel, CT: Society for Experimental Mechanics.
Brincker, R., C. Ventura, and P. Andersen. 2001a. “Damping estimation by frequency domain decomposition.” In Proc., 19th Int. Modal Analysis Conf., 698–703. Bethel, CT: Society for Experimental Mechanics.
Brincker, R., L. Zhang, and P. Andersen. 2001b. “Modal identification of output-only systems using frequency domain decomposition.” Smart Mater. Struct. 10 (3): 441. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/10/3/303.
Brown, A., J. Lester, S. Pampanin, and D. Pietra. 2012. “Pres-Lam in practice: A damage-limiting rebuild project.” In Proc., New Zealand Society of Structural Engineers Conf. Auckland, New Zealand: Structural Engineering Society of New Zealand.
Canterbury Earthquake Royal Commission. 2012. Vol. 3 of Low-damage building technologies. Christchurch, New Zealand: Canterbury Earthquake Royal Commission.
Chopra, A. K. 2007. Vol. 3 of Dynamics of structures: Theory and applications to earthquake engineering. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Christopoulos, C., A. Filiatrault, C. Uang, and B. Folz. 2002. “Post-tensioned energy dissipating connections for moment resisting steel frames.” J. Struct. Eng. 128 (9): 1111–1120. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:9(1111).
Comite Europeen de Normalisation. 2004. Design of timber structures. Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. Eurocode 5. Brussels, Belgium: Comite Europeen de Normalisation.
Di Cesare, A., F. C. Ponzo, D. Nigro, S. Pampanin, and T. Smith. 2017. “Shaking table testing of post-tensioned timber frame building with passive energy dissipation systems.” Bull. Earthquake Eng. 15 (10): 4475–4498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0115-9.
Gen, M., and R. Cheng. 2000. Vol. 7 of Genetic algorithms and engineering optimization. New York: Wiley.
Geokon. 2019. “Load cells electrical resistance-model 3000.” Accessed August 29, 2019. https://www.geokon.com/3000.
Granello, G., S. Giorgini, A. Palermo, D. Carradine, S. Pampanin, and R. Finch. 2017. “Long-term behavior of lvl posttensioned timber beams.” J. Struct. Eng. 143 (12): 04017158. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001907.
Granello, G., C. Leyder, A. Palermo, A. Frangi, and S. Pampanin. 2018a. “Design approach to predict post-tensioning losses in post-tensioned timber frames.” J. Struct. Eng. 144 (8): 04018115. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002101.
Granello, G., C. Leyder, A. Palermo, A. Frangi, and S. Pampanin. 2018b. “Post-tensioning loss implications on the seismic response of pres-lam frames.” Bull. N. Z. Soc. Earthquake Eng. 51 (2): 57–69. https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.51.2.57-69.
Holden, T., C. Devereux, S. Haydon, A. Buchanan, and S. Pampanin. 2016. “NMIT arts & media building-innovative structural design of a three storey post-tensioned timber building.” Case Stud. Struct. Eng. 6 (Dec): 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csse.2016.06.003.
Kaiser, A., et al. 2016. “The 2016 valentine’s day mw 5.7 christchurch earthquake: Preliminary report.” In Proc., Conf. of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering. Wellington, New Zealand: New Nealand Society of Structural Engineers.
Kam, W., S. Pampanin, and K. Elwood. 2011. “Seismic performance of reinforced concrete buildings in the 22 february christchurch (lyttleton) earthquake.” Bull. N. Z. Soc. Earthquake Eng. 44 (4): 239–278. https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.44.4.239-278.
Kelly, J. M., R. Skinner, and A. Heine. 1972. “Mechanisms of energy absorption in special devices for use in earthquake resistant structures.” Bull. N. Z. Soc. Earthquake Eng. 5 (3): 63–88.
Leyder, C., F. Wanninger, A. Frangi, and E. Chatzi. 2015. “Dynamic response of an innovative hybrid structure in hardwood.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Constr. Mater. 168 (3): 132–143. https://doi.org/10.1680/coma.14.00043.
Newcombe, M., S. Pampanin, A. Buchanan, and A. Palermo. 2008. “Section analysis and cyclic behavior of post-tensioned jointed ductile connections for multi-story timber buildings.” Supplement, J. Earthquake Eng. 12 (S1): 83–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460801925632.
New Zealand Standard. 1993. Structural design actions—Permanent, imposed and other actions. NZS 1170.1. Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Standard.
New Zealand Standard. 2002. Structural design actions—General principles. NZS 1170.0. Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Standards.
New Zealand Standard. 2004. Structural design actions—Earthquake actions. NZS 1170.5. Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Standard.
Palermo, A., S. Pampanin, A. Buchanan, and M. Newcombe. 2005. “Seismic design of multi-storey buildings using laminated veneer lumber (LVL).” In Proc., New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering Conf. Wellington, New Zealand: New Nealand Society of Structural Engineers.
Palermo, A., F. Sarti, A. Baird, D. Bonardi, D. Dekker, and S. Chung. 2012. “From theory to practice: Design, analysis and construction of dissipative timber rocking post-tensioning wall system for Carterton Events Centre, New Zealand.” In Proc., 15th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, 24–28. Novosibirsk, Russia: Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics.
Parker, M., and D. Steenkamp. 2012. “The economic impact of the Canterbury earthquakes.” Reserve Bank N. Z. Bull. 75 (3): 13–25.
Ponzo, F. C., A. Di Cesare, N. Lamarucciola, D. Nigro, and S. Pampanin. 2017. “Modelling of post-tensioned timber-framed buildings with seismic rocking mechanism at the column-foundation connections.” Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas. 5 (6): 966–978. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V5-N6-966-978.
Priestley, N. M. J. 1991. “Overview of the PRESSS research program.” PCI J. 36 (4): 50–57. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.07011991.50.57.
Rainieri, C., and G. Fabbrocino. 2014. Vol. 142 of Operational modal analysis of civil engineering structures, 143. New York: Springer.
Rasmussen, E. F. 1961. Dry kiln: Operator’s manual. Washington, DC: Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, USDA.
Ref Tek. 2013. “Ref Tek MEMS force-balance accelerometers.” Accessed August 29, 2019. https://www.geocom.cl/assets/131-Series-Front-Back.pdf.
Ref Tek. 2019. “Geophysical monitoring solutions.” Accessed October 7, 2019. https://www.reftek.com.
Sarti, F., A. Palermo, and S. Pampanin. 2016a. “Development and testing of an alternative dissipative posttensioned rocking timber wall with boundary columns.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (4): E4015011. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001390.
Sarti, F., A. Palermo, and S. Pampanin. 2016b. “Fuse-type external replaceable dissipaters: Experimental program and numerical modeling.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (12): 04016134. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001606.
Sarti, F., A. Palermo, and S. Pampanin. 2016c. “Quasi-static cyclic testing of two-thirds scale unbonded posttensioned rocking dissipative timber walls.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (4): E4015005. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001291.
Sarti, F., T. Smith, I. Danzig, and E. Karsh. 2017. “Pres-Lam in the US: The seismic design of the peavy building at Oregon State University.” In Proc., New Zealand Society of Structural Engineers Conf. Auckland, New Zealand: Structural Engineering Society of New Zealand.
Smith, T., F. C. Ponzo, A. Di Cesare, S. Pampanin, D. Carradine, A. H. Buchanan, and D. Nigro. 2013. “Post-tensioned glulam beam-column joints with advanced damping systems: Testing and numerical analysis.” J. Earthquake Eng. 18 (1): 147–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2013.835291.
Stanton, J. F., N. M. Hawkins, and T. R. Hicks. 1991. “Presss project 1.3: Connection classification and evaluation.” PCI J. 36 (6): 62–71. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.09011991.62.71.
Stockwell, R. G., L. Mansinha, and R. Lowe. 1996. “Localization of the complex spectrum: The S transform.” IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 44 (4): 998–1001. https://doi.org/10.1109/78.492555.
Toratti, T. 1992. Creep of timber beams in a variable environment. Helsinki, Finland: Helsinki Univ. of Technology.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 34Issue 1February 2020

History

Received: Nov 19, 2018
Accepted: May 1, 2019
Published online: Oct 30, 2019
Published in print: Feb 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Mar 30, 2020

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Natural Resources, Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5505-6210. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Alessandro Palermo, Ph.D., M.ASCE
Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Natural Resources, Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share