Retrofitting of Interior Slab-to-Column Connections for Punching Shear Using Different Techniques
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 33, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper presents different strengthening techniques to eliminate some drawbacks associated with the available techniques. The considered strengthening techniques for the punching shear of RC slabs use the combined effect of internal single-leg stirrups and a double-skin steel assembly and properly anchored externally bonded glass fiber–reinforced polymer (EB-GFRP) sheets. Nine slab specimens divided into four groups are prepared and configured. It is found that the slab provided with properly anchored single-leg stirrups with a double-skin orthogonal steel assembly exhibits the most efficient technique among all considered techniques. This technique enables the slab to sustain a punching load about 1.69 times greater than that of the control unstrengthened slab. In addition, it triggers the slab to provide ductile punching failure showing strain hardening and softening plateaus. The experimental shear resistance of all strengthened slabs are compared with the design resistance stipulated by different design standards. It is concluded that the failure characteristics stipulated by German codes have the most rational results compared with those of the experimental findings.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2008a. Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP system for strengthening concrete structures. ACI 440.2R-08. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2008b. Guide to shear reinforcement for slab. ACI 421.1R-08. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2014. Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. ACI 318M-14. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Al-Nasra, M., I. Duweib, and A. Najmi. 2013. “The use of pyramid swimmer bars as punching shear reinforcement in reinforced concrete flat slabs.” J. Civ. Eng. Res. 3 (2): 75–80. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.jce.20130302.02.
Bartolac, M., D. Damjanovic, and I. Duvnjak. 2015. “Punching strength of flat slabs with and without shear reinforcement.” Građevinar 67 (8): 771–786. https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.1361.2015.
Biolzi, L., C. Ghittoni, R. Fedele, and G. Rosati. 2013. “Experimental and theoretical issues in FRP-concrete bonding.” Constr. Build. Mater. 41 (4): 182–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.11.082.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2002. Structural use of concrete. Part 1: Code of practice for design and construction. BS 8110-1. London: BSI.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2004. Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures. Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings. EC 2-1-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Chen, C., and C. Li. 2005. “Punching shear strength of reinforced concrete slabs strengthened with glass fiber-reinforced polymer laminates.” ACI Struct. J. 102 (4): 535–542.
Cheng, M. Y., and G. J. Parra-Montesinos. 2010. “Evaluation of steel fiber reinforcement for punching shear resistance in slab–column connections. Part I: Monotonically increased load.” ACI Struct. J. 107 (1): 101–109.
Choi, K. K., H. G. Park, and H. M. Kim. 2012. “Shear strength model for slab-column connections.” J. Korea Concr. Inst. 22 (4): 585–593. https://doi.org/10.4334/JKCI.2010.22.4.585.
Choi, K. K., M. R. Taha, H. Park, and A. K. Maji. 2007. “Punching shear strength of interior concrete slab-column connections reinforced with steel fibers.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 29 (5): 409–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.12.003.
Corely, W. G., and N. M. Hawkins. 1968. “Shearhead reinforcement for slabs.” ACI J. Proc. 65 (10): 811–824.
DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung). 2001. Plain, reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. Part 1: Design and construction. DIN 1045-1. Berlin: Beuth Verl.
Durucan, C., and Ö. Anil. 2015. “Effect of opening size and location on the punching shear behavior of interior slab-column connections strengthened with CFRP strips.” Eng. Struct. 105 (24): 22–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.09.033.
ECP (Egyptian Code of Practice). 2007. Egyptian code for design and construction of reinforced concrete structures. ECP 203-2007. Cairo, Egypt: Housing and Building National Research Center.
Elbakry, H. M., and S. M. Allam. 2015. “Punching strengthening of two-way slabs using external steel plates.” Alex Eng. J. 54 (4): 1207–1218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2015.09.005.
El-Ghandour, A. W., K. Pilakoutas, and P. Waldron. 2003. “Punching shear behavior of fiber reinforced polymers reinforced concrete flat slabs: Experimental study.” J. Compos. Constr. 7 (3): 258–265. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2003)7:3(258).
Elsanadedy, H. M., Y. A. Al-Salloum, and S. H. Alsayed. 2013. “Prediction of punching shear strength of HSC interior slab-column connections.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 17 (2): 473–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-1971-8.
Esfahani, M. R., M. R. Kianoush, and A. R. Moradi. 2009. “Punching shear strength of interior slab-column connections strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheets.” Eng. Struct. 31 (7): 1535–1542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.02.021.
Faria, D. M., J. Einpaul, A. M. Ramos, M. F. Ruiz, and A. Muttoni. 2014. “On the efficiency of flat slabs strengthening against punching using externally bonded fibre reinforced polymers.” Constr. Build. Mater. 73 (26): 366–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.084.
Ferreira, M. P., G. S. Melo, P. E. Regan, and R. L. Vollum. 2014. “Punching of reinforced concrete flat slabs with double-headed shear reinforcement.” ACI Struct. J. 111 (2): 363–374. https://doi.org/10.14359/51686535.
Harajli, M. H., D. Maalouf, and H. Khatib. 1995. “Effect of fibers on the punching shear strength of slab-column connections.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 17 (2): 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/0958-9465(94)00031-S.
Harajli, M. H., and K. A. Soudki. 2003. “Shear strengthening of interior slab-column connections using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer sheets.” J. Compos. Constr. 7 (2): 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2003)7:2(145).
Hassan, A. M., G. H. Mahmud, S. W. Jones, and C. Whitford. 2015. “A new test method for investigating punching shear strength in Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) slabs.” Compos. Struct. 131 (13): 832–841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.06.044.
Ju, H., N. Cheon, D. H. Lee, J. Oh, J. Hwang, and K. S. Kim. 2015. “Consideration on punching shear strength of steel-fiber-reinforced concrete slabs.” Adv. Mech. Eng. 7 (5): 1687814015584251. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814015584251.
Kang, T. K., and J. W. Wallace. 2005. “Dynamic responses of flat plate systems with shear reinforcement.” ACI Struct. J. 102 (5): 763–773.
Kennedy, G., and C. Goodchild. 2003. Practical yield line design. 1st ed., 171. Crowthorne, UK: British Cement Association.
Khaleel, G. I., I. G. Shaaban, K. M. Elsayed, and M. H. Makhlouf. 2013. “Strengthening of reinforced concrete slab-column connection subjected to punching shear with FRP systems.” IACSIT Int. J. Eng. Technol. 5 (6): 657–661. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJET.2013.V5.636.
Leonhardt, F., and R. Walther. 1964. The Stuttgart shear tests., 134. London: Cement and Concrete Association.
Mandl, J. 2008. “Flat slabs made of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC).” Concr. Plant Int. 1: 210–215.
Mansur, M. A., I. Ahmed, and P. Paramasivam. 2001. “Pinching shear strength of simply supported ferrocement slabs.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 13 (6): 418–426. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2001)13:6(418).
Marzouk, H., and A. Hussein. 1992. “Experimental investigation on the behavior of high-strength concrete slabs.” ACI Struct. J. 88 (6): 701–713.
Meisami, M. H., D. Mostofinejad, and H. Nakamura. 2013. “Punching shear strengthening of two-way flat slabs using CFRP rods.” Compos. Struct. 99: 112–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.11.028.
Najmi, A. S., and R. H. Marahlah. 2015. “Swimmer bars as shear reinforcement in reinforced concrete flat slabs.” Int. J. Eng. Adv. Technol. (IJEAT) 4 (4): 113–117.
Oliveira, D. R., G. S. Melo, and P. E. Regan. 2000. “Punching strengths of flat plates with vertical or inclined stirrups.” ACI Struct. J. 97 (3): 485–491.
Orton, S. L., J. O. Jirsa, and O. Bayrak. 2008. “Design considerations of carbon fiber anchors.” J. Compos. Constr. 12 (6): 608–616. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2008)12:6(608).
Park, H. G., K. S. Ahn, and K. K. Choi. 2007. “Lattice shear reinforcement for slab–column connections.” ACI Struct. J. 104 (3): 294–303.
Park, H. G., Y. N. Kim, and J. G. Song. 2012. “Lattice shear reinforcement for enhancement of slab-column connections.” J. Struct. Eng. 138 (3): 425–437. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000484.
Pilakoutas, K., and X. Li. 2003. “Alternative shear reinforcement for reinforced concrete flat slabs.” J. Struct. Eng. 129 (9): 1164–1172. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:9(1164).
Ruiz, M. F., A. Muttoni, and J. Kunz. 2010. “Strengthening of flat slabs against punching shear using post-installed shear reinforcement.” ACI Struct. J. 107 (4): 434–442.
Sissakis, K., and S. Sheikh. 2007. “Strengthening concrete slabs for punching shear with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer laminates.” ACI Struct. J. 104 (1): 49–59.
Soudki, K., A. K. El-Sayed, and T. Vanzwol. 2012. “Strengthening of concrete slab-column connections using CFRP strips.” J. King Saud Univ.–Eng. Sci. 24 (1): 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2011.07.001.
Subramanian, N. 2005. “Evaluation and enhancing the punching shear resistance of flat slabs using HSC.” Indian Concr. J. 79 (4): 31–37.
Tan, K. H., and P. Paramasivam. 1994. “Punching shear strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete slabs.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 6 (2): 240–253. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1994)6:2(240).
Tassinari, L., S. Lips, A. Muttoni, and M. F. Ruiz. 2011. “Applications of bent-up bars as shear and integrity reinforcement in R/C slabs.” In Proc., Session 2B-5: Construction Technology 2011. Prague.
Zhang, H. W., and S. T. Smith. 2012. “FRP-to-concrete joint assemblages anchored with multiple FRP anchors.” Compos. Struct. 94 (2): 403–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.07.025.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 4, 2018
Accepted: Jul 13, 2018
Published online: Oct 31, 2018
Published in print: Feb 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Mar 31, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.