Assessment of Landslide Damage to Buildings at the Urban Scale
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 32, Issue 4
Abstract
This article aims to deepen the knowledge in the field of landslide risk assessment by introducing a new multilevel approach to the vulnerability assessment. It focuses on an original methodology for damage assessment of either masonry or reinforced concrete ordinary buildings at the urban scale. This methodology is an essential part of Level 1 of the previously mentioned multilevel approach. It starts from filling in purposely designed forms that are completed when a damage grade is assigned to each building within the region under study according to a new damage classification. The end product of the application of the methodology is the so-called landslide damage geotechnical chart. The chart includes not only the damage grade of the buildings within the urban center investigated, but also the geomorphological and geotechnical maps of the town or area under study, and information concerning the direction of the settlements reconstructed to have caused the damage. The application of the methodology to the historical town of Bovino, in the south of Italy, is also reported.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The research was carried out with the support from Apulia Region (PS_119), Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (PRIN 2007, 2015), and European Cooperation in Science & Technology (COST) Action TU1202.
References
Alexander, D. 1986. “Landslide damage to buildings.” Environ. Geol. Water Sci. 8 (3): 147–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02509902.
Boscardin, M. D., and E. G. Cording. 1989. “Building response to excavation induced settlement.” J. Geotech. Eng. 115 (1): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1989)115:1(1).
Burland, J. B. 1997. “Assessment of risk of damage to buildings due to tunnelling and excavation.” Earthquake Geotech. Eng. 3: 1189–1201.
Burland, J. B., B. B. Broms, and V. F. B. de Mello. 1977. “Behaviour of foundations and structures.” In Proc., 9th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation. Tokyo, Japan: Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.
Cafaro, F., F. Cotecchia, F. Santaloia, C. Vitone, P. Lollino, and G. Mitaritonna. 2017. “Landslide hazard assessment and judgment of reliability: A geomechanical approach.” Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 76 (2): 397–412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-016-0966-3.
Cardinali, M., P. Reichenbach, F. Guzzetti, F. Ardizzone, G. Antonini, M. Galli, M. Cacciano, M. Castellani, and P. Salvati. 2002. “A geomorphological approach to the estimation of landslide hazards and risks in Umbria, Central Italy.” Nat. Hazard. Earth Syst. Sci. 2 (1–2): 57–72. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2-57-2002.
Cascini, L. 2008. “Applicability of landslide susceptibility and hazard zoning at different scales.” Eng. Geol. 102 (3–4): 164–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.03.016.
Ciampalini, A., F. Bardi, S. Bianchini, W. Frodella, C. del Ventisette, S. Moretti, and N. Casagli. 2014. “Analysis of building deformation in landslide area using mulisensor PSInSAR technique.” Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. 33 (1): 166–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2014.05.011.
Cooper, A. H. 2008. “The classification, recording, databasing and use of information about building damage caused by subsidence and landslides.” Q. J. Eng. Geol. Hydrogeol. 41 (3): 409–424. https://doi.org/10.1144/1470-9236/07-223.
Cotecchia, F., G. Pedone, O. Bottiglieri, F. Santaloia, and C. Vitone. 2014. “Slope–atmosphere interaction in a tectonized clayey slope: A case study.” Ital. Geotech. J. 48 (1): 34–61.
Cotecchia, F., F. Santaloia, P. Lollino, C. Vitone, G. Pedone, and O. Bottiglieri. 2016. “From a phenomenological to a geo-mechanical approach to landslide hazard analysis.” Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng. 20 (9): 1004–1031. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2014.968744.
Cotecchia, F., C. Vitone, F. Santaloia, G. Pedone, and O. Bottiglieri. 2015. “Slope instability processes in intensely fissured clays: Case histories in the Southern Apennines.” Landslides 12 (5): 877–893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-014-0516-7.
Cruden, D. M., and D. J. Varnes. 1996. “Landslide types and processes.” In Landslide: Investigation and mitigation, edited by A. K. Turner, and R. L. Schuster, 36–75. Washington, DC: National Research Council.
DPC (Italian National Department of Civil Protection). 2009. Manuale per la compilazione della scheda di 1° livello di rilevamento danno, pronto intervento e agibilità per edifici ordinari nell’emergenza post-sismica (AeDES). [In Italian.] Rome, Italy: Editrice Italiani nel Mondo S.r.l.
Grüntal, G. 1998. European Macroseismic Scale 1998. Walferdange, Luxembourg: Centre Européen de Géodynamique et de Séismologie.
Hungr, O., S. Leroueil, and L. Picarelli. 2014. “The Varnes classification of landslide types, an update.” Landslides 11 (2): 167–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-013-0436-y.
Leone, F., J. P. Asté, and E. Leroi. 1996. “Vulnerability assessment of elements exposed to mass-movement: Working toward a better risk perception.” In Landslides, edited by K. Senneset, 263–270. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Balkema.
Liu, X. L., Z. Q. Yue, L. G. Tham, and C. F. Lee. 2002. “Empirical assessment of debris flow risk on a regional scale in Yunnan Province, southwestern China.” Environ. Manage. 30 (2): 249–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-001-2658-3.
Nardelli, V., M. R. Coop, C. Vitone, and S. Chen. 2016. “The inter-scale behaviour of two natural scaly clays.” Géotech. Lett. 6 (3): 205–210. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgele.16.00060.
Palmisano, F. 2011. “Landslide structural vulnerability of masonry buildings.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development, Politecnico di Bari.
Palmisano, F. 2014. “Assessment of masonry arches and domes by simple models.” Int. J. Struct. Eng. 5 (1): 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSTRUCTE.2014.058684.
Palmisano, F. 2016a. “Methodology for rapid structural vulnerability assessment for service loads at the territorial scale.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 30 (4): 04015079. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000826.
Palmisano, F. 2016b. “Rapid diagnosis of crack patterns of masonry buildings subjected to landslide-induced settlements by using the Load Path Method.” Int. J. Archit. Heritage 10 (4): 438–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2014.996922.
Palmisano, F., and A. Elia. 2013. “Analysis of the structural behaviour of masonry buildings subjected to landslide by using the Load Path Method.” Int. J. Earth Sci. Eng. 6 (1): 39–49.
Palmisano, F., and A. Elia. 2015. “Shape optimization of strut-and-tie models in masonry buildings subjected to landslide-induced settlements.” Eng. Struct. 84: 223–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.11.030.
Peduto, D., S. Ferlisi, G. Nicodemo, D. Reale, G. Pisciotta, and G. Gullà. 2017a. “Empirical fragility and vulnerability curves for buildings exposed to slow-moving landslides at medium and large scales.” Landslides 14 (6): 1993–2007. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-017-0826-7.
Peduto, D., G. Nicodemo, J. Maccabiani, and S. Ferlisi. 2017b. “Multi-scale analysis of settlement-induced building damage using damage surveys and DInSAR data: A case study in the Netherlands.” Eng. Geol. 218: 117–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.12.018.
Petley, D. 2012. “Global patterns of loss of life from landslides.” Geology 40 (10): 927–930. https://doi.org/10.1130/G33217.1.
Ritter, W. 1899. “Die Bauweise Hennebique.” [In German.] Schweizerische Bauzeitung 7 (33): 59–61. .
Roca, P., A. Viviescas, M. Lobato, C. Díaz, and I. Serra. 2011. “Capacity of shear walls by simple equilibrium models.” Int. J. Archit. Heritage 5 (4–5): 412–435. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2010.501481.
Schlaich, J., K. Schafer, and M. Jennewein. 1987. “Toward a consistent design of structural concrete.” PCI J. 32 (3): 74–150. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.05011987.74.150.
Silvestri, F., C. Vitone, A. d’Onofrio, F. Cotecchia, R. Puglia, and F. Santucci De Magistris. 2007. “The influence of meso-structure on the mechanical behaviour of a marly clay from low to high strains.” In Soil stress-strain behaviour: Measurement, modelling and analysis, 333–350. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
Terwel, K. 2017. “Should we focus on human or organizational factors?” In Proc., IABSE Workshop 2017: Ignorance, Uncertainty and Human Errors in Structural Engineering. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering.
Terwel, K., and S. J. Y. Jansen. 2015. “Critical factors for structural safety in the design and construction phase.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 29 (3): 4014068. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000560.
UNDRO (United Nations Disaster Relief Organization). 1979. Natural disasters and vulnerability analysis. Rep. of Expert Group Meeting. Geneva, Switzerland: UNDRO.
Uzielli, M., F. Catani, V. Tofani, and N. Casagli. 2015. “Risk analysis for the Ancona landslide—II: Estimation of risk to buildings.” Landslides 12 (1): 83–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-014-0477-x.
Vitone, C., and F. Cotecchia. 2011. “The influence of intense fissuring on the mechanical behaviour of clays.” Geotéchnique 61 (12): 1003–1018. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.9.P.005.
Vitone, C., F. Cotecchia, G. Viggiani, and S. A. Hall. 2013a. “Strain fields and mechanical response of a highly fissured bentonite clay.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 37 (11): 1510–1534. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.2095.
Vitone, C., G. Viggiani, F. Cotecchia, and S. A. Hall. 2013b. “Localized deformation in intensely fissured clays studied by 2D digital image correlation.” Acta Geotechnica 8 (3): 247–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-013-0208-9.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 32 • Issue 4 • August 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 11, 2017
Accepted: Mar 9, 2018
Published online: Jun 11, 2018
Published in print: Aug 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Nov 11, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.