Application of a Total Station with RDM to Monitor Tunnel Displacement
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 31, Issue 4
Abstract
Formulas for tunnel crown settlement and horizontal displacement measurement are presented in this paper according to the theory of tunnel displacement as measured by a total station with three-dimensional (3D) coordinate measurement and with remote distance measurement (RDM). Comparison tests using 3D coordinate measurement, RDM, and traditional measurement (i.e., precision levels and tape extensometers) were conducted at a tunnel construction site. Tests showed that measurement of displacement by a total station is more convenient than that by traditional methods. Measurement of crown settlement by a total station with 3D coordinate measurement produces an error, which accounts for a 13% difference in total crown settlement. The accuracy of horizontal displacement measurement by a total station with 3D coordinate measurement is weak compared with RDM and traditional methods. Three-dimensional coordinate measurement is therefore not suitable for tunnel horizontal displacement. Tunnel displacement measurement by a total station with RDM obeys the law of curve and so meets the demand of construction monitoring attained by traditional methods. Use of a total station with RDM is the best method for measuring tunnel displacement, especially in tunnels with weak surrounding rock.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51108034, 51278063, 51408054, and 51678063), the Chang Jiang Scholars Program (Grant No. T2014214), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project (Grant No. 2016M602738), the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of the Ministry of Education (Grant No. 20130205110004), and the Science and Technology Coordinating Innovative Engineering Project of Shanxi Province (Grant No. 2014KTCG01-02).
References
Aydin, A., Ozbek, A., and Acar, A. (2014). “Geomechanical characterization, 3-D optical monitoring and numerical modeling in Kirkgecit-1 tunnel, Turkey.” Eng. Geol., 181, 38–47.
Chen, J. X., Yang, Z., and Yuan, X. K. (2002). “Construction monitoring and measuring in segments of large embedded depth in Qinling Zhongnanshan super-long highway tunnel.” J. Archit. Civ. Eng., 23(3), 71–75.
China Railway Publishing House. (2007). “Technical code for monitoring measurement of railway tunnel.”, Beijing.
Dunnicliff, J. (1993). Geotechnical instrumentation for monitoring field performance, Wiley, New York.
Gabriel, W., Danielle, D., and Mark, S. D. (2014). “Development of an elliptical fitting algorithm to improve change detection capabilities with applications for deformation monitoring in circular tunnels and shafts.” Tunnell. Underground Space Technol., 43, 336–349.
He, X. P. (2002). “Discussion on the precision of height difference measurement by total station.” Hydropower Pumped Storage, 26(6), 29–32.
Kavvadas, M. (2005). “Monitoring ground deformation in tunnelling: Current practice in transportation tunnels.” Eng. Geol., 79(1–2), 93–113.
Kovari, K., and Amstad, C. (1993). “2D-decision making in tunneling based on field measurements.” Excav. Support Monit., 4, 571–606.
Lai, J. X., et al. (2016). “Fiber bragg grating sensors-based in-situ monitoring and safety assessment of loess tunnel.” J. Sens., 1–10.
Lucia, S., and Luca, Z. (2009). “A method for estimating the accuracy of tunnel convergence measurements using tape distometers.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Mining Sci., 46(4), 796–802.
Luo, Y. B., and Chen, J. X. (2011). “Monitoring and analysis of the deformation of the middle wall during the construction of a shallow soil tunnel by the CRD method.” Modern Tunnell. Technol., 48(6), 105–109.
Luo, Y. B., and Chen, J. X. (2012). “Calculation method of horizontal surrounding rock pressure for tunnel.” J. Traffic Transp. Eng., 12(2), 10–17.
Luo, Y. B., Chen, J. X., Huang, P., Tang, M. Q., Qiao, X., and Liu, Q. (2017). “Deformation and mechanical model of temporary support sidewall in tunnel cutting partial section.” Tunnell. Underground Space Technol., 61, 40–49.
Luo, Y. B., Chen, J. X., Xi, W. Z., Zhao, P. Y., Qiao, X., and Liu, Q. (2016). “Analysis of tunnel displacement accuracy with total station.” Measurement, 83, 29–37.
Mahdevari, S., and Torabi, S. R. (2012). “Prediction of tunnel convergence using artificial neural networks.” Tunnell. Underground Space Technol., 28, 218–228.
Schubert, W., Steindorfer, A., and Button, A. E. (2002). “Displacement monitoring in tunneling—An overview.” Felsbau, 20(2), 7–15.
Song, Y. (1999). “Inspection on the precision of 3D deformation observation by the free stationing method.” Geotech. Invest. Surv., (1), 61–63.
Wang, W. X., and Zhao, W. S. (2014). “Applications of terrestrial laser scanning for tunnels: A review.” J. Traffic Transp. Eng., 1(5), 325–337.
Yang, S. L., Liu, W. N., Wang, M. S., Huang, F., and Cui, N. Z. (2004). “Study on the auto-total station system for monitoring, analyzing and forecasting tunnel country rock deformation.” J. China Railway Soc., 26(3), 93–97.
Ye, F., Ding, W. Q., Zhu, H. H., and Wang, X. L. (2007). “Site monitoring and information feedback of highway tunnel.” J. Chang’an Univ., 27(5), 79–83.
Yuan, H., Liu, C. L., Lu, J., Deng, C., and Gong, S. (2012). “The principle and accuracy analysis of non-contact monitoring for tunnel based on free station of total station.” Geotech. Invest. Surv., (8), 63–68.
Zhou, J. (2002). “The basic principle and accuracy analysis of RDM with electronic total station.” Beijing Surv. Mapp., (3), 50–52.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 31 • Issue 4 • August 2017
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 12, 2016
Accepted: Dec 9, 2016
Published online: Feb 28, 2017
Discussion open until: Jul 28, 2017
Published in print: Aug 1, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.